$f(Q, L_m)$ 引力中的黏性幽灵暗能量：观测与热力学有效性
Viscous Ghost Dark Energy in $f(Q, L_m)$ Gravity: Observational and Thermodynamic Validity
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- School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University)（SVKM's NMIMS（认定大学）技术与工程学院）
- Department of Mathematics, Maharaja Agrasen University（Maharaja Agrasen 大学数学系）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
在$f(Q,L_m)$引力框架下研究黏性幽灵暗能量，通过线性函数形式解析背景方程，用Pantheon+、宇宙计时器和DESI数据约束模型，发现其能描述晚期加速膨胀，且满足广义热力学第二定律。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了在修正的 $f(Q,\mathcal{L}_m)$ 引力框架下黏性幽灵暗能量的宇宙学意义，考虑了线性函数形式 $f(Q,\mathcal{L}_m)=\alpha Q+\beta\mathcal{L}_m$。几何与物质之间的非最小耦合以及体黏性效应改变了宇宙动力学，导致背景弗里德曼方程的解析解。由于膨胀历史仅依赖于模型参数的有效组合，观测分析是在相应的有效背景参数下进行的。我们使用最新的联合数据集——包括含SH0ES的Pantheon+ Ia型超新星、宇宙学计时器（Cosmic Chronometers）和DESI重子声学振荡测量——来约束该模型。该模型对晚期膨胀历史提供了令人满意的描述，并再现了从减速到加速宇宙膨胀的观测转变。通过最小 $\chi^2$、赤池信息准则（AIC）和贝叶斯信息准则（BIC）与标准 $\Lambda$CDM 模型进行了统计比较。此外，通过总熵的演化检验了模型的热力学可行性，发现广义热力学第二定律在整个宇宙演化过程中始终成立。
英文摘要
We investigate the cosmological implications of viscous ghost dark energy in the framework of modified $f(Q,\mathcal{L}_m)$ gravity by considering the linear functional form $f(Q,\mathcal{L}_m)=αQ+β\mathcal{L}_m$. The non-minimal coupling between geometry and matter together with bulk viscous effects modifies the cosmic dynamics, leading to an analytical solution of the background Friedmann equations. Since the expansion history depends only on effective combinations of the model parameters, the observational analysis is performed in terms of the corresponding effective background parameters. We constrain the model using the latest joint compilation of Pantheon+ including SH0ES Type Ia supernovae, Cosmic Chronometers, and DESI baryon acoustic oscillation measurements. The model provides a satisfactory description of the late-time expansion history and reproduces the observed transition from decelerated to accelerated cosmic expansion. A statistical comparison with the standard $Λ$CDM model is performed using the minimum $χ^2$, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Furthermore, the thermodynamic viability of the model is examined through the evolution of the total entropy, and the generalized second law of thermodynamics is found to remain valid throughout the cosmic evolution.
