发表机构
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Czech Technical University; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)（西那罗亚自治大学; 捷克理工大学; 捷克科学院物理研究所; 高级研究与创新中心; 欧洲核子研究组织（CERN））
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究优化并放大聚氨酯闪烁体，证明其具备快速定时、高光输出和可恢复辐射响应，适用于未来大面积粒子探测器。
AI 中文摘要
塑料闪烁体因其快速响应、机械柔韧性和相对简单的制备工艺，仍是大面积粒子探测器颇具吸引力的选择。受未来应用（包括ALICE 3 μ子标识器（MID）和ALICE快速相互作用触发（FIT）的升级）的推动，本研究探讨了掺杂2,5-二苯基噁唑（PPO）和1,4-双(5-苯基噁唑-2-基)苯（POPOP）的聚氨酯（PU）基塑料闪烁体。关于该材料体系的优化和辐射响应的系统性信息仍然有限。因此，制备了一系列不同组成的样品，并使用最小电离粒子（MIP）、光学光谱和时间相关单光子计数进行了表征。测量结果表明，闪烁响应主要受PPO浓度控制，而POPOP主要改变光谱响应，且所有掺杂样品均保持了约1.6–1.75 ns的快速有效衰减时间。性能最佳的配方随后被放大为20厘米和1米长的闪烁体条，并成功采用单根嵌入式波长位移光纤和硅光电倍增管（SiPM）读出运行，证明了其在米级光收集方面的适用性。在CERN IRRAD设施进行的质子辐照测量进一步揭示了随着辐照剂量增加，光学和闪烁响应出现系统性退化，但在约两个月后出现显著恢复。这些结果表明，优化的PU–PPO–POPOP闪烁体能够结合快速定时、高光输出、可扩展的探测器几何结构和可恢复的辐射响应，支持其未来在大面积粒子探测器系统中的进一步开发。
英文摘要
Plastic scintillators remain attractive for large-area particle detectors because of their fast response, mechanical flexibility, and relatively simple fabrication. Motivated by future applications including the ALICE~3 Muon Identifier (MID) and the upgrade of the ALICE Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT), this work investigates polyurethane (PU)-based plastic scintillators doped with 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene (POPOP). Systematic information on the optimization and radiation response of this material system remains limited. A series of compositions was therefore fabricated and characterized using minimum-ionizing particles (MIP), optical spectroscopy, and time-correlated single-photon counting. The measurements show that the scintillation response is governed primarily by the PPO concentration, while POPOP mainly modifies the spectral response, and fast effective decay times of approximately 1.6--1.75~ns are maintained across the doped samples. The best-performing formulation was subsequently scaled to 20-$cm$ and 1-m scintillator bars and successfully operated with a single embedded wavelength-shifting fiber and SiPM readout, demonstrating its suitability for meter-scale light collection. Proton-irradiation measurements at the CERN IRRAD facility further revealed systematic degradation of the optical and scintillation responses with increasing exposure, together with substantial recovery after approximately two months. These results demonstrate that optimized PU--PPO--POPOP scintillators can combine fast timing, high light output, scalable detector geometry, and recoverable radiation response, supporting their further development for future large-area particle-detector systems.
