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arXiv 2610.06111cs.DScs.CCcs.DM

多重瓶颈匹配:参数化复杂度与近似算法

Matching with Multiple Bottlenecks: Parameterized Complexity and Approximation

Jonas Friemel, Tilo Hoitz, Phillip Keldenich, Arne Schmidt

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中文总结 AI 辅助

本文研究多重瓶颈匹配问题,从参数化复杂度角度分析,提供 FPT 与 W[P] 等结果,并给出近似算法与难度结论。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们考虑一个匹配问题,其中每条边的成本是一个具有 $k$ 个分量的向量。匹配的成本是所有分量上瓶颈之和,我们询问是否存在成本至多为某个值 $Z$ 的完美匹配。这种类型的匹配在高度同步的作业车间调度问题和重构问题中有应用,其中移动被限制为每步单一方向。在本文中,我们从参数化复杂度的角度分析该问题,并提供各种结果,包括参数 $k$ 和 $Z$ 组合的 FPT 成员资格,以及每个参数单独时的 W[P] 成员资格和 W[SAT] 难度。该归约还暗示了以最大度或树宽为参数时的 para-NP 难度。我们进一步证明了优化变体在超对数因子内的近似难度,并为任何常数 $d \leq k$ 提供了 $k/d$ 近似算法,以及以 $k$ 为参数的高效近似方案。对于参数 $Z$,我们表明除非 W[1] = FPT,否则对于任何可计算函数 $F$,不存在 FPT 时间的 $F(Z)$ 近似算法。

英文摘要

We consider a matching problem in which the cost of each edge is a vector with $k$ components. The cost of a matching is the sum of the bottlenecks over all components, and we ask whether there is a perfect matching of cost at most some value $Z$. This type of matching has applications in heavily synchronized job-shop scheduling problems and in reconfiguration problems, where movement is restricted to a single direction per step. In this paper, we analyze the problem from a parameterized complexity perspective and provide various results including FPT-membership for parameters $k$ and $Z$ combined, as well as W[P]-membership and W[SAT]-hardness for each of the two parameters individually. The reduction also implies para-NP-hardness parameterized by either maximum degree or treewidth. We further show hardness of approximation within a super-logarithmic factor for the optimization variant and provide a $k/d$-approximation algorithm for any constant $d \leq k$ as well as an efficient approximation scheme parameterized by $k$. With parameter $Z$, we show that no FPT-time $F(Z)$-approximation algorithm is possible for any computable function $F$, unless W[1] = FPT.

发表机构

  • Bochum University of Applied Sciences(波鸿应用科技大学)
  • TU Berlin(柏林工业大学)
  • TU Braunschweig(布伦瑞克工业大学)

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