发表机构
University of Westminster; Full Fact（威斯敏斯特大学; Full Fact）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究分析英国112条AI生成虚假信息，揭示其在八个领域造成伤害的风险，并指出超八成内容加剧公众对信息的不信任，凸显广泛的社会危害。
AI 中文摘要
如今，英国有更多人比以往任何时候都更多地接触到由人工智能生成或篡改的虚假信息与错误信息，这使个人和社会面临日益增多的有害后果及潜在后果。我们分析了一个包含112条人工智能生成或篡改的虚假信息或错误信息的数据集中的证据，这些信息在2025年1月1日至2026年3月31日期间在英国被观看了数千万次。当然，所研究的示例数据集并非对该期间流传的所有人工智能生成虚假信息的详尽样本，而是对展示了部分（而非全部）潜在影响的示例的一个快照。我们对该样本的分析发现，在八个不同领域中，存在引发或助长对个人和社会造成伤害的实质性风险，从导致严重社会骚乱和治安维持者暴力事件，到对健康造成直接伤害，以及造成网络诈骗和欺诈可能引发的严重经济损失。其他风险领域包括：严重到影响个人健康和行为的虐待；公众与警察及司法系统的互动；对可能造成直接伤害的虚假阴谋论的易感性；以及更广泛的社会和政治态度变化，这些变化可能在长期内影响政治和社会事件。我们评估的内容中，超过五分之四增加了公众不信任信息的理由，认为这些信息不仅不准确，而且实质上虚假或具有误导性：这是一种广泛的虚假信息效应，可能对社会产生重大影响。
英文摘要
More people across the UK are today exposed to more AI-generated and AI-altered disinformation and misinformation than ever before - exposing individuals and society to a growing range of harmful consequences and potential consequences. We analyse evidence from a dataset of 112 pieces of AI-generated or AI-altered disinformation or misinformation seen tens of millions of times across the UK between 1 January 2025 and 31 March 2026. The dataset of examples studied does not, of course, provide an exhaustive sample of all AI-generated false information in circulation in the period, but rather a snapshot of examples showing some, but not all, of the potential effects. Our analysis of this sample found a substantive risk of causing or contributing to harm to individuals and society in eight distinct fields, from contributing to incidents of serious social unrest and vigilante violence to causing direct harms to health and causing the sort of serious financial loss that can be caused by online scams and fraud. Other fields of risk included: abuse serious enough to affect individuals' health and behaviour; public engagement with the police and justice systems; susceptibility to false conspiracy theories with the potential to cause direct harms; and broader changes to social and political attitudes with potential to affect political, social events over the longer term. More than four in five pieces of content we assessed added to reasons for the public to distrust information as not merely inaccurate but substantively false or misleading: a broad disinformation effect with potential for significant effects for society.
