发表机构
School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University; School for Theoretical Physics and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Energy Scale Physics and Applications, Hunan University; School of Physics and Advanced Energy, Henan University of Technology; Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University（湖南大学物理与电子学院; 湖南大学理论物理学院及高能尺度物理学与应用湖南省重点实验室; 河南工业大学物理与能源学院; 兰州大学稀有同位素前沿科学中心及核科学与技术学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出将内禀横向动量分布函数（iTMDs）与光锥分布振幅（LCDAs）结合，以解释独占QCD过程中被$k_T$因子化忽略的软横向动力学，并应用于π介子和质子电磁形状因子计算，结果与实验及格点QCD吻合，且发现高扭曲项对中间动量转移的标度行为至关重要。
AI 中文摘要
为了解释独占QCD过程的$k_T$因子化形式所忽略的软横向动力学，我们提出引入内禀横向动量分布函数（iTMDs），与光锥分布振幅（LCDAs）相结合，来定义找到这样一个强子态的概率振幅：其中部分子沿纵向轴快速运动，同时在横向平面内进行轻微振荡。我们将这一框架应用于计算π介子和质子的电磁形状因子。我们改进的iTMDs微扰QCD预言与现有实验数据和格点QCD结果吻合良好。更重要的是，我们发现高扭曲项，尤其是次领头扭曲贡献，对于解释中间动量转移下π介子和质子形状因子的标度行为是不可或缺的。此外，包含iTMD效应显著改善了微扰QCD对几个GeV$^2$下π介子形状因子的预言。
英文摘要
To account for the soft transverse dynamics overlooked by the $k_T$ factorization formalism of exclusive QCD processes, we propose introducing the intrinsic transversal momentum distribution functions (iTMDs), in conjunction with the light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs), to define the probability amplitude for finding a hadron state where partons move fast along the longitudinal axis while undergoing gentle oscillations in the transverse plane. We implement this framework in the calculation of the electromagnetic form factors of the pion and the proton. Our iTMDs-improved perturbative QCD predictions show good agreement with available experimental data and lattice QCD results. More importantly, we find that higher-twist, especially subleading-twist contributions, are indispensable for explaining the scaling behavior of both pion and proton form factors at intermediate momentum transfers. Furthermore, the inclusion of iTMD effects significantly improves the perturbative QCD predictions for the pion form factor in the few GeV$^2$.
Comments8 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Meson Physics (MESON2026), Kraków, Poland, 2026 June 25-30
