AI 中文总结
本研究利用集成反亥姆霍兹线圈的锥形空心反射镜实现紧凑单光束配置，对铷原子进行亚多普勒冷却，降低了激光功率需求，捕获约1×10^7个原子，获得各向异性亚多普勒温度，为紧凑冷原子源和集成量子传感器提供节能平台。
AI 中文摘要
我们演示了使用集成反亥姆霍兹线圈的锥形空心反射镜的紧凑单光束配置对铷（$^{87}$Rb）原子进行亚多普勒冷却。锥形几何结构将单束入射光转换为有效的六束磁光阱（MOT）配置，同时将光聚焦向锥轴，从而降低了所需的激光功率。在我们的锥形MOT中，原子数在入射强度为6.5 $\mathrm{mW/cm^2}$时达到最大，这比传统六束MOT低数倍。在最佳条件下，我们捕获了约$1 \times 10^7$个$^{87}$Rb原子。通过偏振梯度冷却（PGC），我们获得了亚多普勒温度$T_r=13.4\pm 1.2\\ \mathrm{\mu K}$和$T_z=106\pm 11\\ \mathrm{\mu K}$，显示出强烈的各向异性，我们将其归因于锥形反射镜产生的偏振模式。此外，在MOT中进行改进的释放-再捕获测量得到径向温度$T_r = 1.20\pm 0.02$ mK，这比六束MOT中类似光位移参数所预期的温度高约五倍，与先前的模拟一致。我们的结果确立了锥形空心反射镜作为紧凑冷原子源和集成量子传感器的实用且节能的平台。
英文摘要
We demonstrate sub-Doppler cooling of rubidium ($^{87}$Rb) atoms using a compact, single-beam configuration based on a conical hollow mirror integrated with anti-Helmholtz coils. The conical geometry converts a single incident beam into an effective six-beam magneto-optical trap (MOT) configuration while focusing the light towards the cone axis, thereby reducing the required laser power. The number of atoms in the conical MOT is maximized at an incident intensity of 6.5 $\mathrm{mW/cm^2}$ in our conical MOT, several times lower than in conventional six-beam MOTs. Under optimal conditions, we trap $\sim 1 \times 10^7$ $^{87}$Rb atoms. We obtain sub-Doppler temperature of $T_r=13.4\pm 1.2\ \mathrm{μK}$ and $T_z=106\pm 11\ \mathrm{μK}$ by polarization gradient cooling (PGC), revealing a strong anisotropy that we attribute to the polarization pattern created by the conical mirror. In addition, a modified release-and-recapture measurement in the MOT yields a radial temperature $T_r = 1.20\pm 0.02$ mK, approximately five times higher than that expected for comparable light-shift parameters in a six-beam MOT, in agreement with previous simulations. Our results establish conical hollow mirrors as a practical and power-efficient platform for compact cold-atom sources and integrated quantum sensors.
Comments8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Applied
