发表机构
Institute for Materials Research (IUMAT), Hasselt University; Water and Energy Transition, VITO; EnergyVille, Thor Park 8310, Genk, 3600（哈瑟尔特大学材料研究所; VITO水与能源转型部门; EnergyVille）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对磷酸铁锂电池平坦电压平台导致SOC估计困难的问题，提出电化学约束的残差偏差补偿双扩展卡尔曼滤波器，通过不确定初始化调试与电压偏差容纳，显著降低SOC估计误差，实现容错状态估计。
AI 中文摘要
磷酸铁锂（LFP）/石墨电池的平坦电压平台使得电化学状态误差与电压测量异常产生相似的创新序列，从而复杂化了荷电状态（SOC）估计。本研究提出了一种具有不确定初始化调试的电化学约束残差偏差补偿双扩展卡尔曼滤波器（RBC-DEKF）。一个面向热控制的参数分组单粒子模型（CPG-SPMT）提供了配对电极动力学和端电压预测，而一个可单独配置的电压偏差状态则容纳系统性残差。当初始SOC不确定时，残差自适应在经验证健康的启动窗口内暂停。缓冲数据支持电化学约束的轨迹匹配，随后进行校准状态重放和残差通道重新激活。冻结的跨周期健康残差校准支持调试，并在切换后保留在电压预测中。评估涵盖了24条A123温度驱动循环轨迹上的216个加性偏差和168个乘性增益配置文件。相对于单EKF，原始RBC-DEKF在加性偏差下将平均SOC RMSE从7.646个百分点降至0.170个百分点，在增益故障下从22.646个百分点降至0.356个百分点。另外，在三个代表性的50% SOC锚定片段上的18个非零初始误差配置文件，对于已调试的实现，包括启动阶段，全记录平均SOC RMSE为1.747个百分点，而始终开启的RBC-DEKF和传统联合EKF分别为11.192和11.400个百分点。代表性的延迟偏差、10秒斜坡和增益测试表明，在故障引入后，校正的SOC轨迹保持稳定。核心贡献是电化学约束的不确定状态恢复与后续电压偏差容纳的时间协调。
英文摘要
The flat voltage plateau of lithium iron phosphate (LFP)/graphite cells makes electrochemical-state errors and voltage-measurement abnormalities produce similar innovations, complicating state-of-charge (SOC) estimation. This work proposes an electrochemically constrained residual-bias compensation dual extended Kalman filter (RBC-DEKF) with uncertain-initialization commissioning. A thermal control-oriented parameter-grouped single-particle model (CPG-SPMT) provides paired-electrode dynamics and terminal-voltage prediction, while a separately configurable voltage-discrepancy state accommodates systematic residuals. When the initial SOC is uncertain, residual adaptation is suspended over a verified-healthy startup window. Buffered data support electrochemically constrained trajectory matching, followed by calibrated state replay and residual-channel reactivation. Frozen cross-cycle healthy-residual calibration supports commissioning and remains in the voltage prediction after handover. Evaluation covers 216 additive-bias and 168 multiplicative-gain profiles over 24 A123 temperature-drive-cycle trajectories. Relative to Single-EKF, the original RBC-DEKF reduces mean SOC RMSE from 7.646 to 0.170 percentage points for additive bias and from 22.646 to 0.356 percentage points for gain faults. Separately, 18 nonzero-initial-error profiles on three representative 50%-SOC-anchored segments give a full-record mean SOC RMSE of 1.747 percentage points, including startup, for the commissioned realization, versus 11.192 and 11.400 for the always-on RBC-DEKF and conventional joint EKF. Representative delayed bias, 10-s ramp, and gain tests show that the corrected SOC trajectory remains stable after fault introduction. The central contribution is electrochemically constrained temporal coordination of uncertain-state recovery and subsequent voltage-discrepancy accommodation.
CommentsPublished in Energy Storage Materials, Volume 91 (2026), Article 105553. This is the authors' accepted manuscript. Please cite the Version of Record. Official published version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105553
Journal refEnergy Storage Materials, Volume 91, 2026, Article 105553
DOI：10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105553
