发表机构
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali（印度科学教育与研究学院穆扎法尔纳加尔分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过粗粒化模拟揭示，囊泡内单个活性粒子的推进力驱动膜变形，其程度随活性非单调变化，高活性导致破裂，且表面张力显著调节该过程。
AI 中文摘要
生物膜是高度可变形的结构，在众多细胞过程中会发生形状转变。这些转变通常由活性因子驱动，包括分子马达、细胞骨架机器和运动微生物，它们消耗能量并使生物系统维持远离平衡的状态。在此，我们研究了一个被限制在脂质囊泡内的单个活性粒子如何驱动膜变形。利用脂质分辨的粗粒化模型，我们考察了内嵌自推进粒子的活性和形状如何影响囊泡动力学和形态。活性粒子产生持续推进力，对包裹的膜施加机械应力，从而驱动其变形。使用形状不同但表面积相同的粒子，我们系统地研究了膜形态随活性和弯曲刚度的变化。我们通过非球形度和相对于平衡球形状态的过量弯曲能来量化膜变形。这两种度量均表现出对活性的非单调依赖，在中等活性时达到峰值。在足够高的活性下，膜破裂发生在大规模变形充分发展之前，从而限制了进一步的膜重塑。我们进一步证明，膜表面张力在调节活性诱导的变形动力学中起着重要作用。
英文摘要
Biological membranes are highly deformable structures that undergo shape transformations during numerous cellular processes. These transformations are often driven by active agents, including molecular motors, cytoskeletal machinery, and motile microorganisms, which consume energy and maintain biological systems far from equilibrium. Here, we investigate how a single active particle confined within a lipid vesicle drives membrane deformation. Using a lipid-resolved coarse-grained model, we examine how the activity and shape of an encapsulated self-propelled particle influence vesicle dynamics and morphology. Active particles generate persistent propulsion that exerts mechanical stresses on the enclosing membrane, thereby driving its deformation. Using particles of different shapes but identical surface area, we systematically investigate membrane morphologies as functions of activity and bending rigidity. We quantify membrane deformation through asphericity and excess bending energy relative to the equilibrium spherical state. Both measures exhibit a non-monotonic dependence on activity, peaking at intermediate activity. At sufficiently high activity, membrane rupture occurs before significant large-scale deformation can develop, limiting further remodeling. We further demonstrate that membrane surface tension plays a significant role in regulating activity-induced deformation dynamics.
Comments15 pages, 7 figures
