发表机构
Boston University; Columbia University; Insulet Corporation（波士顿大学; 哥伦比亚大学; 因塞特公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过多种光源的长时间光子计数实验，发现基带谱普遍呈$1/f^2$形式，排除常规噪声源，提出双重随机泊松过程等非正统假说，并建议用辐射探测器进行类比实验。
AI 中文摘要
在一项为期1.5年的研究中，进行了一系列持续时间为11.6天的光子计数实验，使用了具有不同统计特性和光谱的多种光源。所有基带光子计数谱在频率范围$1 \times 10^{-6} \leqslant f \leqslant 5 \times 10^{-4}$ Hz内均遵循共同的$1/f^2$形式，对应的时间尺度范围为33分钟$\leqslant T_f \leqslant 11.6$天，其中$T_f \equiv 1/f$。时间尺度的下限和上限分别由光电探测器的噪声基底和单次实验的持续时间确定。与普通布朗运动不同，所有测得的光子计数样本路径都表现出不规则的长时间尺度波动，持续时间从数小时到数天不等。已确定光子计数谱不能合理地归因于光源或探测器的电流、电压或温度波动，也不能归因于与光学系统或局部环境相关的技术性噪声源。尽管光子计数波动的物理起源仍未解决，但提出了几种非正统的假说。从统计学的角度来看，光子计数似乎遵循一个具有缓慢变化随机强度的双重随机泊松过程。提出了依赖于电离辐射和直接转换固态辐射探测器的类似实验。
英文摘要
A series of 11.6-d-duration photon-counting experiments, employing a broad variety of light sources with different statistical properties and optical spectra, were carried out over a 1.5-yr period. All of the photon-count spectra at baseband followed a common $1/f^2$ form over the frequency range $1 \times 10^{-6} \leqslant f \leqslant 5 \times 10^{-4}$ Hz, corresponding to a timescale range $33$ min $ \leqslant T_f \leqslant 11.6$ d, where $T_f \equiv 1/f$. The lower and upper timescale limits were established by the photodetector noise floor and the duration of the individual experiments, respectively. Unlike ordinary Brownian motion, all of the measured photon-count sample paths exhibited irregular long-timescale fluctuations, with durations ranging from hours to days. It has been established that the photon-count spectra cannot plausibly be ascribed to fluctuations of the current, voltage, or temperature of the source or the detector, nor to technical sources of noise associated with the optical system or local environment. Although the physical origin of the photon-count fluctuations remains unresolved, several heterodox hypotheses are set forth. From a statistical point-of-view, the photon counts appear to follow a doubly stochastic Poisson process with a slowly varying random intensity. Analogous experiments that rely on ionizing radiation and direct-conversion solid-state radiation detectors are proposed.
Comments19 pages, 12 figures, 1 animated video in Ancillary Directory
