发表机构
University of Hormozgan（霍尔木甘大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过追踪耦合三能级单元充电轨迹，发现量子电池中锁定能量由双粒子纠缠承载，并建立精确闭式表达式，揭示退相干会擦除而非释放该能量，需集体提取。
AI 中文摘要
通过泵浦充电器对量子电池进行充电，可以将存储能量的相当一部分锁定在组成单元之间增长的双粒子关联中，而这种关联能（correlation ergotropy），即无法通过任何局部单单元操作获取、只能通过集体操作恢复的能量，是本研究的目标。通过追踪两个耦合三能级单元的充电轨迹，我们发现关联能紧密跟踪对数负性（logarithmic negativity），这表明锁定能量由真正的双粒子纠缠承载，而非仅由相干集体动力学承载，并且等强度的相干非纠缠驱动根本不会产生这种锁定。对于纯双单元电池，我们建立了一个精确的、与基底无关的闭式表达式，其中锁定能量仅取决于约化单元的特征值排序和单元能级，揭示了锁定比例从Schmidt单纯形的可分离角处的零上升到对称最大纠缠态处的一，并且在局部幺正变换下保持不变。退相干和去相位过程破坏关联，但不会释放这种能量，而是将其擦除，因此提取必须是集体的，并且必须在关联持续存在时进行，而冷阻尼保持该效应不变，热占据则抑制它。这些结果为量子电池中的关联提供了资源理论解读，明确了真正纠缠与相干集体动力学之间的界限，并为关联充电和集体提取协议指出了实验上可实现的条件。
英文摘要
Charging a quantum battery through a pumped charger can lock a substantial part of its stored energy inside the bipartite correlations that grow between the constituent cells, and this \emph{correlation ergotropy}, being the energy that no local single-cell operation can reach and that only collective operations can recover, is the object of the present study. Following the charging trajectory of two coupled three-level cells, we find that the correlation ergotropy closely tracks the logarithmic negativity, which shows that the locked energy is carried by genuine bipartite entanglement rather than by coherent collective dynamics alone, and that an equal-strength coherent non-entangling drive produces no such locking at all. For a pure two-cell battery we establish an exact, basis-independent closed form in which the locked energy depends only on the sorted eigenvalues of the reduced cell and the cell energy levels, revealing that the locked fraction rises from zero at the separable corners of the Schmidt simplex to unity at the symmetric maximally entangled state and remains invariant under local unitaries. Decoherence and dephasing, which destroy the correlations, do \emph{not} release this energy but erase it, so extraction must be collective and must take place while the correlations persist, while cold damping leaves the effect intact and thermal occupation suppresses it. These results give a resource-theoretic reading of correlations in quantum batteries, sharpen the line between genuine entanglement and coherent collective dynamics, and point to experimentally accessible conditions for correlated-charge and collective-extraction protocols.
