发表机构
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR; NEST-SNS; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Quantum Advanced Research Center (QuARC)（意大利国家研究委员会纳米科学研究所; 新科学技术与纳米中心-比萨高等师范学院; 马德里材料科学研究所; 西班牙国家科学研究委员会; 量子先进研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究提出基于常规Al/AlOx/Al隧道结和微波双谐波驱动的可重构双功能超导二极管，通过光子辅助干涉实现无场下超电流与准粒子整流，效率超越传统器件，并验证了“绝对二极管”概念。
AI 中文摘要
非互易输运是信号处理和逻辑功能的关键基础，然而传统半导体二极管在亚开尔文温度下性能下降。随着低温电子器件的持续小型化，对与低温和低耗散条件兼容的二极管操作的需求日益增加。这一需求推动了基于在深低温区高效的非互易电子输运机制的p-n结替代方案的发展。超导器件构成天然的低损耗平台，但现有大多数超导二极管仅限于库珀对或准粒子输运，且通常需要复杂的材料堆叠、非对称几何结构或外部磁场。尚无单一几何对称结能够同时整合两种输运通道的整流功能，以实现正向偏压下的零电阻和反向偏压下的强抑制传导。在此，我们展示了一种基于常规Al/AlOx/Al隧道结的动态可重构双功能超导二极管。通过微波双谐波驱动，我们利用多音光子辅助隧穿独立控制同一器件内的无耗散和耗散输运通道。改变微波驱动幅度可诱导从超电流二极管到理想准粒子二极管的转变，实现超过传统肖特基二极管和当代超导二极管的整流效率。我们还进一步演示了在电流偏置和电压偏置配置下的交流信号整流。最后，我们实现了一个概念验证的“绝对二极管”，结合了零正向电阻和强抑制反向传导。这种可调方法为低功耗低温电子架构提供了多功能构建模块。
英文摘要
Non-reciprocal transport underpins key functionalities in signal processing and logic; however, conventional semiconductor diodes exhibit reduced performance at sub-Kelvin temperatures. As cryogenic electronics continue to scale, there is increasing demand for diode operation compatible with low-temperature and low-dissipation conditions. This need has driven the development of alternatives to p-n junctions that rely on non-reciprocal electron transport mechanisms efficient in the deep-cryogenic regime. Superconducting devices constitute a natural low-loss platform, yet most existing superconducting diodes are restricted to either Cooper-pair or quasiparticle transport, often requiring complex material stacks, asymmetric geometries, or external magnetic fields. No single, geometrically symmetric junction has yet integrated rectification across both transport channels to achieve vanishing resistance under forward bias and strongly suppressed conduction under reverse bias. Here, we demonstrate a dynamically reconfigurable dual-function superconducting diode based on a conventional Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junction. Via microwave biharmonic driving, we exploit multi-tone photon-assisted tunneling to independently control dissipationless and dissipative transport channels within the same device. Varying the microwave drive amplitude induces a transition from a supercurrent diode to an ideal quasiparticle diode, achieving rectification efficiencies exceeding those of conventional Schottky diodes and contemporary superconducting diodes. We further demonstrate AC signal rectification under both current-bias and voltage-bias configurations. Finally, we implement a proof-of-concept "absolute diode" that combines zero forward resistance with strongly suppressed reverse conduction. This tunable approach provides a versatile building block for low-power cryogenic electronic architectures.
