解锁AI数据中心互联容量：通过电网与数据中心的协调灵活性

中文摘要 AI 辅助

AI数据中心的快速增长带来了集中的电力需求，这可能超出可用配电网络裕度并延迟互联。本文研究了通过在互联两侧协调灵活性来有效利用容量的可能性。一个日前混合整数二阶锥规划框架，利用公用事业侧的保护电压降低和网络拓扑重构，以及数据中心工作负载转移和受备用约束的不间断电源存储，最大化可行的AI数据中心IT容量。背景馈线需求使用电压相关的ZIP模型，而数据中心则使用训练、推理和混合工作负载配置文件建模为恒定功率需求。两阶段解决方案首先最大化互联容量，然后最小化保留容量的馈线损耗，并进行数值松弛筛选。对源自IEEE 123节点馈线的116总线模型的研究表明，在受约束的bus-60连接点，几乎完全由网络重构驱动的电网侧灵活性将可行IT容量提高了约42.5-45.0%，而仅数据中心灵活性提供了约2.1-5.4%的增益。协调运行将可行IT容量从BASE运行下的约10.5-10.6 MW提高到15.3-16.0 MW，对应约45.9-50.8%的增益；16.0 MW的推理结果受限于所采用的UPS备用要求。收益强烈依赖于位置，并受工作负载灵活性、延迟持续时间、PUE、UPS能量和备用要求以及馈线负载的影响。在组合的不利运行条件下，FULL容量相对于标称混合情况仅下降3.4%，同时保留相对于BASE的大量额外容量。

英文摘要

The rapid growth of AI data centers is creating concentrated electricity demands that can exceed available distribution network headroom and delay interconnection. This paper investigates whether capacity can be used effectively by coordinating flexibility on both sides of the interconnection. A day-ahead mixed integer second order cone programming framework maximizes feasible AI data center IT capacity using utility side conservation voltage reduction and network topology reconfiguration, together with data center workload shifting and reserve constrained uninterruptible power supply storage. Background feeder demand uses voltage dependent ZIP models, while the data center is modeled as constant power demand using Training, Inference, and Mixed workload profiles. A two-stage solution first maximizes interconnection capacity and then minimizes feeder losses for the retained capacity, with numerical relaxation screening. Studies on a 116-bus model derived from the IEEE 123-node feeder show that, at the constrained bus-60 connection point, grid side flexibility, driven almost entirely by network reconfiguration, increases feasible IT capacity by approximately 42.5-45.0%, while data center flexibility alone provides approximately 2.1-5.4% gains. Coordinated operation increases feasible IT capacity from approximately 10.5-10.6 MW under BASE operation to 15.3-16.0 MW, corresponding to gains of approximately 45.9-50.8%; the 16.0 MW Inference result is limited by the adopted UPS reserve requirement. Benefits are strongly location dependent and influenced by workload flexibility, deferral duration, PUE, UPS energy and reserve requirements, and feeder loading. Under a combined adverse operating condition, FULL capacity decreases by only 3.4% relative to the nominal Mixed case while retaining substantial additional capacity over BASE.

发表机构

• University of Houston（休斯顿大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。