人类被机器使用
The machine use of human beings
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出“人类挖掘”机制，使订阅内容通过开放获取文章的引用与转述进入开放语料库，量化了机器读者可达性上限，发现多数订阅文章可经开放引用触达，且引用延迟大幅缩短，削弱了订阅访问优势。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
搜索引擎、大型语言模型和知识图谱对研究成果的优先级排序，主要通过转述而非原始来源实现。尽管年度学术成果的开放获取比例近期已超过一半，但仍有大量订阅型语料库在现行许可下，机器读者无法合法访问。本文描述了一种机制，通过订阅内容在开放获取文章中的引用和转述，将其纳入开放语料库——这一过程被称为“人类挖掘”，与机器执行的文本和数据挖掘相类比。本文对仅限开放文献的机器读者可能由此推断出的信息，建立了一个乐观的上限模型，并量化了该上限的完整性、延迟和许可约束。研究发现，曾被引用的订阅文章中，大多数至少可通过一条开放引用被触达；订阅文章发表至首次被开放引用之间的中位间隔，已从1990年文章的十三年降至2020年文章的一年。因此，直接订阅访问曾赋予机器读者的优势已大幅削弱，这主要归因于开放出版的扩张，而非研究者引用方式的变化。
英文摘要
Research results are prioritised by search engines, large language models and knowledge graphs chiefly through restatement rather than through the originating source. Although the open-access share of annual scholarly output has recently exceeded half, a substantial subscription corpus remains outside what machine readers may legitimately access under prevailing licences. A mechanism is described whereby subscription content is drawn into the open corpus through its citation and restatement in open-access articles---a process termed human mining, by analogy with the text and data mining performed by machines. An optimistic upper bound on what may thereby be inferred by a machine reader confined to the open literature is modelled, and the completeness, latency and licence constraints of that bound are quantified. A majority of subscription articles that have ever been cited is found to be reachable through at least one open citation, and the median interval between a subscription article's publication and its first open citation is shown to have fallen from thirteen years for work of 1990 to one year for work of 2020. The advantage once conferred by direct subscription access to machine readers has thereby been largely eroded, chiefly as a consequence of the growth of open publishing rather than any change in how researchers cite.
发表机构
- Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）
- Holtzbrinck（霍茨布林克）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
