通过 Clifford 电路实现通用量子资源态的高效保真度估计
Efficient Fidelity Estimation of General Quantum Resource States via Clifford Circuits
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中文总结 AI 辅助
提出基于 Clifford 门和 Pauli 测量的 Bell-相干保真度估计(BCFE),实现最优样本复杂度 Θ(1/ε),在 STAR 架构中比 DFE 节省约 27 倍资源,支持容错量子计算的高效资源基准测试。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
保真度估计是量子信息科学中评估量子资源态的基本工具。对于小的不保真度 $\epsilon$,在固定相对精度和置信度下,层析成像和直接保真度估计(DFE)的最坏情况样本复杂度为 $O(1/\epsilon^2)$。直接目标投影可实现 $O(1/\epsilon)$ 的复杂度,但通常需要非 Clifford 操作,其可靠性依赖于通常作为基准测试目标的资源态。在此,我们引入了 Bell-相干保真度估计(BCFE),其最优样本复杂度为 $\Theta(1/\epsilon)$,且仅使用 Clifford 门和 Pauli 测量。我们证明 BCFE 适用于任意纯目标态,可能为多量子比特态,且单副本相干部分的统计误差得到显式控制。为了在实际环境中评估 BCFE,我们将其应用于候选早期容错量子计算(early-FTQC)架构——称为时空高效模拟旋转(STAR)架构——中的模拟旋转资源态。在使用表面码的模拟中,对于相同的不保真度估计标准误差,BCFE 所需的资源态数量估计比 DFE 少约 27 倍,尽管额外的 Bell 测量操作存在电路级噪声,其估计值仍接近参考值。这些结果支持了容错量子计算中的高效资源基准测试。
英文摘要
Fidelity estimation is a fundamental tool for assessing quantum resource states across quantum information science. For small infidelity $ε$, tomography and direct fidelity estimation (DFE) have worst-case sample complexity $O(1/ε^2)$ at fixed relative accuracy and confidence. Direct target projections achieve $O(1/ε)$ but generally require non-Clifford operations whose reliability depends on the resource states that are typically the target of benchmarking. Here, we introduce the Bell--coherence fidelity estimation (BCFE) with optimal sample complexity $Θ(1/ε)$ using only Clifford gates and Pauli measurements. We prove that BCFE is applicable to arbitrary pure targets, possibly multi-qubit, with the statistical error of the single-copy coherence part explicitly controlled. To evaluate BCFE in a practical setting, we apply BCFE to analog rotation resource states in the candidate early-FTQC architecture called the Space-Time Efficient Analog Rotations (STAR) architecture. In the simulations using surface codes, BCFE is estimated to require up to approximately $27$ times fewer resource states than DFE for the same standard error in the infidelity estimate, while its estimates remain close to reference values despite circuit-level noise in the additional Bell measurement operations. These results support efficient resource benchmarking within fault-tolerant quantum computing.
发表机构
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics(理论物理 perimeter 研究所)
- University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学)
- Kyoto University(京都大学)
- Osaka University(大阪大学)
- Fujitsu Quantum Computing Joint Research Division, Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University(富士通量子计算联合研究部,大阪大学量子信息与量子生物学中心)
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)(理化学研究所量子计算中心)
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