发表机构
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究在商用ARM平台上验证OAI 5G DU的可行性，通过Jetson和Raspberry Pi实现分离式架构，保持高吞吐量并支持应急广播，为轻量化空中基站提供可复现方案。
AI 中文摘要
对于电池供电的无人机基站，每一克重量和每一瓦特用于无线接入网计算的功耗都会与飞行时长余量竞争。因此，我们将5G核心网（5GC）和集中单元（CU）保留在地面，并将机载单元设计为仅包含回传端点、分布式单元（DU）和射频部分。关键问题因此变得实际：广泛可用的商用ARM计算机能否在异构F1接口上以有用性能维持真实的无线电OpenAirInterface（OAI）5G DU？我们使用Raspberry Pi 5和Jetson Orin Nano作为DU，USRP B210作为射频前端，商用手机作为终端，以及以太网、Wi-Fi/GRE和5G/WireGuard回传链路来回答这一问题。Jetson在x86分离式DU以太网下行吞吐量上保持了88.4%的性能，并在所有三种承载方式下保持了87.5-89.0%的性能；5G/WireGuard回传则保持了各主机有线下行速率的76.4-77.1%。经过验证的Jetson/B210/RM500Q-GL电子设备重657.4克，在持续流量下功耗约28瓦（含集成余量时为757.4克）。一次受控的链路自适应干预将分离式下行吞吐量从23.4 Mb/s提升至99.4 Mb/s，同时主导调制编码方案（MCS）从3升至26。最后，同步的射频、F1-U、CPU和UHD证据将剩余的 monolithic 与分离式差距缩小至分离路径的调度/时序行为。除性能外，该能力还服务于应急响应用例，这正是空中小区的动机：一旦部署在受影响区域上方，它可以广播PWS警告消息。我们发布了OAI补丁，该补丁通过F1从CU向DU携带单段Write-Replace Warning，其中SIB8被调度到手机。该公开工件使有效载荷、性能和紧急广播基线可在实验室可获取的硬件上复现。
英文摘要
For a battery-powered UAV base station, every gram and watt devoted to RAN-compute competes with flight-duration margin. We therefore keep the 5G Core (5GC) and central unit (CU) on the ground and design the airborne unit around only the backhaul endpoint, distributed unit (DU), and radio. The key question is then a practical one: can widely available commodity ARM computers sustain a real radio OpenAirInterface (OAI) 5G DU with useful performance over heterogeneous F1? We answer it with Raspberry Pi~5 and Jetson Orin Nano as DUs, a USRP B210, a commercial handset, and Ethernet, Wi-Fi/GRE, and 5G/WireGuard backhaul. Jetson preserves 88.4% of x86 split-DU Ethernet DL throughput and 87.5-89.0% across all three bearers; 5G/WireGuard preserves 76.4-77.1% of each host's wired DL rate. The validated Jetson/B210/RM500Q-GL electronics weigh 657.4 g and draw about 28 W under sustained traffic (757.4 g with integration allowance). A controlled link adaptation intervention raises split DL from 23.4 to 99.4 Mb/s as the dominant Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) moves from 3 to 26. Finally, synchronized radio, F1-U, CPU, and UHD evidence narrows the remaining monolithic-split gap to split-path scheduling/timing behavior. Beyond performance, this capability serves the emergency-response use case that motivates the aerial cell: once deployed above an affected area, it can broadcast a PWS warning message. We release the OAI patch that carries the single-segment Write-Replace Warning over F1 from CU to DU, where SIB8 is scheduled to the handset. The public artifact makes the payload, performance, and emergency-broadcast baseline reproducible with laboratory-accessible hardware.
