发表机构
Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University; Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University; Central Conservatory of Music; Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems, Tsinghua University（西安交通大学前沿科学技术研究院; 西安交通大学前沿科学技术交叉研究中心; 西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院; 中央音乐学院; 清华大学智能与网络化系统研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一个基于调性理论的多维连续框架，通过三个特征量化调性强度，在二元分类上达高精度，并揭示从调性到无调性的历史演化轨迹，为音乐认知研究提供连续度量。
AI 中文摘要
调性是西方音乐的基本组织原则。然而，二十世纪之交从共性实践调性向无调性的逐渐过渡无法通过二元标签来捕捉。为了刻画中间调性状态并追踪这一演化过程，我们提出了一个基于调性理论及其解体机制的多维调性强度量化框架。该框架通过三个互补特征分别操作调性组织的全局统计规律性、时间连贯性和局部感知对齐性：音高类别分布均匀性、调性中心的时间稳定性以及局部调性清晰度。为验证该模型，我们引入了两个新数据集：一个包含196首调性和无调性作品的二元数据集，以及一个涵盖巴洛克时期至二十世纪初21位作曲家1561首作品的历史MIDI语料库。所提出的模型在二元分类任务上取得了高判别性能（F_1=0.985），并定量揭示了从确立的调性经逐步弱化至最终解体的连续历史轨迹。对代表性作曲家的计算分析进一步证实，晚期浪漫主义和现代主义人物在其职业生涯中调性强度显著下降。此外，对EMOPIA数据集的分析揭示了较高调性强度值与积极情感效价之间存在弱但统计显著的正相关。这项工作为分析调性演化建立了一个统一的定量模型，并为未来关于调性组织、音乐情感与认知之间关系的行为和神经生理学研究提供了连续度量。
英文摘要
Tonality is a fundamental organizing principle of Western music. However, the gradual transition from common-practice tonality to atonality around the turn of the twentieth century cannot be captured by binary labels. To characterize intermediate tonal states and trace this evolution, we propose a multidimensional framework for quantifying tonal strength, grounded in tonal theory and mechanisms underlying tonal dissolution. This framework operationalizes the global statistical regularity, temporal coherence, and local perceptual alignment of tonal organization through three complementary features: pitch-class distribution uniformity, temporal stability of tonal centers, and local tonal clarity, respectively. To validate the model, we introduce two new datasets: a binary dataset comprising 196 tonal and atonal pieces, and a historical MIDI corpus of 1,561 compositions by 21 composers spanning the Baroque era to the early twentieth century. The proposed model achieves high discriminative performance on the binary classification task (F_1=0.985), and quantitatively reveals a continuous historical trajectory from established tonality through progressive weakening to eventual dissolution. Computational analysis of representative composers further confirms significant declines in tonal strength throughout the careers of late-Romantic and modernist figures. Additionally, analysis of EMOPIA dataset reveals a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between higher tonal strength values and positive emotional valence. This work establishes a unified quantitative model for analyzing tonal evolution and provides a continuous measure for future behavioral and neurophysiological investigations of the relationships among tonal organization, musical emotion, and cognition.
