AI 中文总结
本研究证明仅需约 $\log Q$ 个素数即可覆盖几乎所有模数的单位群,达到最优,并通过加倍论证与特征修复实现。
AI 中文摘要
Klurman、Shparlinski 和 Teräväinen 证明了存在一个由至多 $(\nlog Q)^{1+\varepsilon}$ 个多对数大小素数组成的集合,其子集乘积覆盖了几乎所有模数 $q\le Q$ 的单位群 $(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^\times$。我们证明 $(1/\log2+o(1))\log Q$ 个素数就足够了,这是最优的(达到一阶),因为 $m$ 个素数至多有 $2^m$ 个子集乘积。证明结合了有限阿贝尔群中随机子集乘积的 Erdős--Rényi 型加倍论证(经过修改以容忍一小部分例外特征),以及对少数其 $L$-函数在 $s=1$ 附近有零点的本原特征的一次性“修复”。精确的加权修复给出了一个变体,其中至多使用 $(2/\log2+o(1))\log Q$ 个素数,并且例外集合被明确描述。
英文摘要
Klurman, Shparlinski and Teräväinen showed that there is a set of at most $(\log Q)^{1+\varepsilon}$ primes of polylogarithmic size whose subset products cover the unit group $(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^\times$ for almost all moduli $q\le Q$. We show that $(1/\log2+o(1))\log Q$ primes suffice, which is optimal to first order, since $m$ primes have at most $2^m$ subset products. The proof combines a doubling argument of Erdős--Rényi type for random subset products in a finite abelian group, modified to tolerate a small set of exceptional characters, with a one-time ``repair'' of the few primitive characters whose $L$-functions have zeros near $s=1$. An exact weighted repair gives a variant with at most $(2/\log2+o(1))\log Q$ primes and an exceptional set described explicitly.
Comments8 pages; verification code included as ancillary files