发表机构
Jagiellonian University; Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA); Charles University; Xi’an-Budapest Joint Research Center for Combinatorics, Northwestern Polytechnical University; AGH University of Krakow(雅盖隆大学; 奥地利科学与技术研究所; 查理大学; 西安-布达佩斯组合学联合研究中心,西北工业大学; 克拉科夫AGH科技大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文证明了关于最大平均度可分的 mad 猜想,并将其推广到任意多个划分类,进而解决了聚类色数的一个开放问题,并给出了松弛染色的新界。
AI 中文摘要
对于有限图 $G$,其最大平均度 $\operatorname{mad}(G)$ 是 $G$ 的任意非空子图的平均度的最大值。Hendrey、Norin 和 Wood 提出了一个问题:这个参数是否是可分的,即对于所有正实数 $a,b$,每个满足 $\operatorname{mad}(G)<a+b$ 的图 $G$ 是否都存在一个顶点划分 $V(G)=A\cup B$,使得 $\operatorname{mad}(G[A])<a$ 且 $\operatorname{mad}(G[B])<b$。在本文中,我们肯定地回答了这个问题。此外,我们将其推广到任意数量的划分类。图类 $\mathrm{G}$ 的聚类色数 $\chi_\star(\mathrm{G})$ 是满足以下条件的最小整数 $k$:存在某个整数 $c$,使得 $\mathrm{G}$ 中的每个图都有一个 $k$-染色,其中每个单色连通分量至多有 $c$ 个顶点。我们应用这个结果证明了 $\chi_\star(\mathrm{A}_m)=\left\lfloor\frac{m}{2}\right\rfloor+1$,其中 $\mathrm{A}_m$ 是满足 $\operatorname{mad}(G)\leq m$ 的图 $G$ 的族。这解决了 Wood 的调查中提出并由 Hendrey 和 Wood 强调的一个开放问题。作为我们关于 $\operatorname{mad}$ 的一般划分结果的另一个应用,我们获得了松弛染色的一个界。即,对于非负整数 $d_1,\ldots,d_k$,每个满足 $\operatorname{mad}(G)<\sum_{i=1}^k \frac{2d_i+2}{d_i+2}$ 的图 $G$ 都存在一个划分 $V(G)=V_1\cup\ldots\cup V_k$,使得对于每个 $i\in[k]$,$\Delta(G[V_i])\leq d_i$。特别地,这为 $k\ge3$ 且 $d_i$ 任意的情况提供了第一个非平凡界,并改进了已知的 $d \ge 2$ 时 $(d+1,d)$-染色的界。
英文摘要
For a finite graph $G$, the maximum average degree $\operatorname{mad}(G)$ is the largest average degree of a nonempty subgraph of $G$. Hendrey, Norin and Wood asked whether this parameter is partitionable, that is, whether for all positive reals $a,b$ every graph $G$ with $\operatorname{mad}(G)<a+b$ admits a vertex partition $V(G)=A\cup B$ with $\operatorname{mad}(G[A])<a$ and $\operatorname{mad}(G[B])<b$. In this note, we answer this question affirmatively. Moreover, we generalize this to an arbitrary number of partition classes. The clustered chromatic number $χ_\star(\mathrm{G})$ of a graph class $\mathrm{G}$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that, for some integer $c$, every graph in $\mathrm{G}$ has a $k$-coloring in which every monochromatic component has at most $c$ vertices. We apply this result to show that $χ_\star(\mathrm{A}_m)=\left\lfloor\frac{m}{2}\right\rfloor+1$, where $\mathrm{A}_m$ is the family of graphs $G$ with $\operatorname{mad}(G)\leq m$. This solves an open problem posed in Wood's survey and highlighted by Hendrey and Wood. As another application of our general partition result for $\operatorname{mad}$, we obtain a bound for relaxed colorings. Namely, for non-negative integers $d_1,\ldots,d_k$, every graph $G$ with \[\operatorname{mad}(G)<\sum_{i=1}^k \frac{2d_i+2}{d_i+2}\] admits a partition $V(G)=V_1\cup\ldots\cup V_k$ such that $Δ(G[V_i])\leq d_i$ for each $i\in[k]$. In particular, this provides the first non-trivial bounds for $k\ge3$ with arbitrary $d_i$ and improves the previously known bound for $(d+1,d)$-colorings with $d \ge 2$.