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arXiv 2610.04621quant-ph

双侧局部随机化经典阴影的精确 Clifford 最优性

Exact Clifford Optimality for Two-Sided Locally Randomized Classical Shadows

  • Intelligent Quantum Inception Co., Ltd.(智能量子创想有限公司)
  • iFLYTEK Research(科大讯飞研究院)
  • Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University(清华大学高等研究院)
  • College of Physics, Sichuan University(四川大学物理学院)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

Xiaotian Nie, Tao Zhang, Yadong Wu, Linghui Chen

AI总结:

本文证明在双侧局部随机化经典阴影架构中,由两个集体泡利旋转构成的电路对任意 k 在 Clifford 选择中达到精确最小平方阴影范数,并改进渐近最优前置因子,且有限尺寸结果支持其在整个酉群上的最优性猜想。

AI中文摘要:

纠缠测量可以降低学习多体关联的统计成本。我们研究在指定 $k$ 量子比特区域上具有完全支撑的泡利字符串,使用经典阴影方法,该方法包含两个独立的、均匀随机的乘积单量子比特 Clifford 层,围绕作用于该区域的可控酉算子,随后进行计算基读出。在此架构中,我们证明由两个集体泡利旋转组成的电路 $U_*$ 对于所有 $k\geq1$ 在可控酉算子的所有 Clifford 选择中达到精确的最小平方阴影范数,即对于奇数 $k$,$C_k^{\rm opt}=4\cdot 9^k/(3\cdot 5^k+3^k-6)$;对于偶数 $k$,$C_k^{\rm opt}=4\cdot 9^k/(3\cdot 5^k-3^k+2)$。渐近最优值 $(4/3)\cdot(9/5)^k$ 确立了 Wu 等人的指数基为最优,并将其前置因子从 $2$ 改进为 $4/3$。对于 $1\leq k\leq6$,精确的有理数证书证明,在同一测量架构内,相同的最优值在整个酉群 $\mathrm U(2^k)$ 上成立,包括所有非 Clifford 酉算子。这些有限尺寸结果促使我们猜想,在此架构内,对于任意 $k$,$U_*$ 在所有酉算子中是最优的。

英文摘要:

Entangling measurements can reduce the statistical cost of learning many-body correlations. We study Pauli strings with full support on a specified $k$-qubit region using classical shadows with two independent, uniformly random product single-qubit Clifford layers around a controllable unitary acting on that region, followed by computational-basis readout. In this architecture, we prove that a circuit $U_*$ of two collective Pauli rotations attains the exact minimum squared shadow norm over all Clifford choices of the controllable unitary for every $k\geq1$, namely $C_k^{\rm opt}=4\cdot 9^k/(3\cdot 5^k+3^k-6)$ for odd $k$ and $C_k^{\rm opt}=4\cdot 9^k/(3\cdot 5^k-3^k+2)$ for even $k$. The asymptotic optimum $(4/3)\cdot(9/5)^k$ establishes Wu et al.'s exponential base as optimal and improves their prefactor from $2$ to $4/3$. For $1\leq k\leq6$, exact rational certificates prove that the same optimum holds over the entire unitary group $\mathrm U(2^k)$, including all non-Clifford unitaries, within the same measurement architecture. These finite-size results motivate the conjecture that $U_*$ is optimal over all unitaries for arbitrary $k$ within this architecture.

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