发表机构
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Universidade da Beira Interior（坎普尔印度理工学院; 贝拉内陆大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究对动态薄壳虫洞进行极小超空间量子化，发现渐近平坦外部下喉道冻结，而Schwarzschild-de Sitter外部则允许动态出射态，描述隧穿至无界膨胀的亚稳虫洞。
AI 中文摘要
我们以导波量子宇宙学的精神，对动态、球对称薄壳虫洞进行极小超空间量子化，将喉道半径 $a(\tau)$ 视为Israel结条件约束的唯一自由度。对于质量为 $M$ 的无压壳层，Wheeler-DeWitt方程精确约化为Whittaker方程，并在 $M\to0$ 时约化为修正Bessel方程。当外部渐近平坦时，波函数在 $a\to\infty$ 时的有界性选择了一个唯一态，该态总可选取为实数。由于任何实解都具有消失的Bohmian流，喉道对于任何线性状态方程和任何算子排序都是冻结的，与欧几里得或洛伦兹边界条件的选择无关。该态是正则化洛伦兹路径积分的精确 $\epsilon\to0^+$ 极限，这由预解解析性和精确的Picard-Lefschetz thimble计算所证明，该计算与闭式解一致至48位数字。近喉自伴性歧义通过Whittaker连接公式以闭式形式解决。将外部替换为Schwarzschild-de Sitter时空则消除了障碍：势在大的 $a$ 处趋于 $-\infty$，方程允许一个真正动态的、纯出射态。该态精确传播穿过经典禁阻势垒，处处携带守恒的非零Bohmian流，包括内部口袋。它描述了一个长寿命的亚稳虫洞，以与WKB估计一致的速率隧穿进入无界膨胀。Airy连接公式为亚临界耦合留下一个残余前置因子常数 $\kappa_\infty=0.814\pm0.004$，我们未追溯其解析起源，且物理结果不依赖于它。
英文摘要
We construct a minisuperspace quantization of a dynamic, spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole in the spirit of pilot-wave quantum cosmology, treating the throat radius $a(τ)$ as the single degree of freedom of the Israel junction-condition constraint. For a pressureless shell of mass $M$ the Wheeler--DeWitt equation reduces exactly to Whittaker's equation, and to the modified Bessel equation as $M\to0$. When the exterior is asymptotically flat, boundedness of the wave function as $a\to\infty$ selects a unique state that can always be chosen real. Since any real solution has a vanishing Bohmian current, the throat is frozen for any linear equation of state and any operator ordering, independently of the choice between Euclidean and Lorentzian boundary conditions. This state is the exact $ε\to0^+$ limit of the regularized Lorentzian path integral, as shown by resolvent analyticity and by an exact Picard--Lefschetz thimble calculation that agrees with the closed-form solution to $48$ digits. The near-throat self-adjointness ambiguity is resolved in closed form through the Whittaker connection formula. Replacing the exterior by Schwarzschild--de~Sitter removes the obstruction: the potential tends to $-\infty$ at large $a$, and the equation admits a genuinely dynamic, purely outgoing state. Propagated exactly through the classically forbidden barrier, it carries a conserved, nonzero Bohmian current everywhere, including the inner pocket. It describes a long-lived metastable wormhole that tunnels into unbounded expansion at a rate consistent with the WKB estimate. Airy connection formulas leave a residual prefactor constant $κ_\infty=0.814\pm0.004$ for sub-critical coupling, which we do not trace to its analytic origin, and the physical results do not depend on it.
