发表机构
Quaid-i-Azam University; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; New York University Abu Dhabi（奎德-e-阿扎姆大学; 法赫德国王石油与矿物大学; 纽约大学阿布扎比分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过对称性分辨纠缠熵和电荷不平衡分辨负性，研究Schwinger效应产生的成对模式纠缠的电荷扇区结构，揭示电场如何在不同电荷扇区间转移纠缠，提供超越总度量的精细信息。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了 Schwinger 效应产生的成对模式纠缠的电荷分辨结构。利用量子电动力学的 $U(1)$ 电荷，我们将动量模式的约化密度矩阵的纠缠分解为各个电荷扇区，将对称性分辨纠缠熵应用于纯二分约化，并将电荷不平衡分辨负性应用于混合的粒子-反粒子对。对于恒定电场，我们获得了每个模式配对的闭合形式结果，所有场依赖性由单对产生概率 $|\beta|^2=e^{-\pi\mu}$ 控制。对于粒子-粒子和反粒子-反粒子对，每个电荷扇区内的纠缠熵与场无关，因此场仅通过在各扇区之间重新分配统计权重来起作用；对于混合的粒子-反粒子对，被占据的扇区还携带与场相关的熵。真空产生的对是最丰富的情况：其分辨负性分布在三个不平衡扇区上，并随着场的增加从一个扇区转移到下一个扇区，仅在临界场时各扇区贡献相等。相比之下，跨越固定动量二分态的纠缠冻结在其初始值，因为对产生守恒扇区电荷。因此，对称性分辨将总纠缠度量细化为扇区分辨图景，揭示了 Schwinger 机制的纠缠在电荷空间中的位置以及电场如何移动它，这些信息超出了总度量或粒子数分布所包含的信息。
英文摘要
We study the charge resolved structure of the pairwise mode entanglement produced by the Schwinger effect. Using the $U(1)$ electric charge of quantum electrodynamics, we decompose the entanglement of the reduced density matrices of momentum modes into individual charge sectors, applying the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy to the pure bipartition reductions and the charge imbalance resolved negativity to the mixed particle-antiparticle pair. For a constant electric field we obtain closed form results for every mode pairing, with all field dependence controlled by the single pair production probability $|β|^2=e^{-πμ}$. For the particle, particle and antiparticle antiparticle pairs the entanglement entropy within each charge sector is field independent, so that the field acts only by redistributing statistical weight among the sectors; for the mixed particle antiparticle pair the populated sector additionally carries a field dependent entropy. The vacuum created pair is the richest case: its resolved negativity is distributed over three imbalance sectors and is transported from one sector to the next as the field increases, the sectors contributing equally only at the critical field. The entanglement across a fixed momentum bipartition, by contrast, is frozen at its initial value because pair creation conserves the sector charge. Symmetry resolution thus refines the total entanglement measures into a sector resolved picture, exposing where in charge space the entanglement of the Schwinger mechanism resides and how the electric field moves it, information beyond that contained in the total measures or in particle number distributions.
