发表机构
Technische Universität Braunschweig; Leibniz IFW Dresden; Moldova State University; FLUXONICS—The European Foundry for Superconducting Electronics e.V.（布伦瑞克工业大学; 德累斯顿莱布尼茨固体与材料研究所; 摩尔多瓦国立大学; FLUXONICS——欧洲超导电子制造协会）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究利用三维弯曲几何将均匀磁场转为非均匀局部场，实现可控涡旋捕获，并产生超导二极管效应，为磁通器件提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
第二类超导体中的磁通量子是序参量的拓扑激发，其对局部环境的敏感性使其成为电流密度、磁场和钉扎景观的探针。然而，在平面薄膜中，单个涡旋难以操控，通常需要复杂的纳米图案化或要求苛刻的扫描探针仪器。在此，我们展示了将超导薄膜塑造成三维弯曲几何结构能够在空间均匀的外加磁场下实现可控的涡旋捕获。采用含时金兹堡-朗道方程的共形表述，我们模拟了帽状超导膜中的涡旋动力学，并将其与平面参考结构进行比较。曲率将均匀的外加磁场转换为非均匀的局部法向分量，产生一个可通过磁场方向调节的可重构非对称边缘钉扎势。因此，旋转磁场可以控制沿边缘捕获的涡旋数量和位置。此外，非对称钉扎通过依赖于电流方向的涡旋捕获产生超导二极管效应。因此，三维曲率为工程化局部涡旋钉扎和实现具有磁场可编程涡旋捕获与输运的磁通器件提供了一条途径。
英文摘要
Magnetic flux quanta in type-II superconductors are topological excitations of the order parameter whose sensitivity to the local environment makes them probes of current density, magnetic fields, and pinning landscapes. Yet, in planar thin films, individual vortices are difficult to manipulate, often requiring intricate nanopatterning or demanding scanning-probe instrumentation. Here, we show that shaping a superconducting thin film into a three-dimensional curved geometry enables controllable vortex trapping under a spatially uniform applied magnetic field. Employing a conformal formulation of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, we simulate vortex dynamics in a cap-shaped superconducting membrane and compare it with a planar reference. Curvature converts the uniform applied magnetic field into a nonuniform local normal component, creating a reconfigurable asymmetric rim-pinning potential tunable by magnetic-field orientation. Rotating the magnetic field therefore controls the number and positions of vortices trapped along the rim. Moreover, the asymmetric pinning produces a superconducting diode effect through current-direction-dependent vortex capture. Three-dimensional curvature thus provides a route to engineer local vortex pinning and realize fluxonic devices with magnetic-field-programmable vortex trapping and transport.
Comments9 pages, 5 figures
