发表机构
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
REACT提出碳优先重建框架，解耦输运、活性校正与化学解码，在模拟数据上使pH NRMSE降低14.7%，化学一致性误差降低24.0%，实现物理化学一致的海洋活性示踪剂重建。
AI 中文摘要
从稀疏观测中重建全球海表pH值对于监测海洋酸化和理解海洋碳循环至关重要。传统的同化和反演模型具有物理基础，但在大规模重建中成本高昂。近年来的黑箱和物理引导的AI模型提高了效率，但主要针对被动示踪剂设计，其中重建变量也是被输运的库存量。相比之下，pH是一种活性碳酸盐示踪剂：它是预测目标，而溶解无机碳（DIC）是守恒的碳库存。这种不匹配可能导致低pH误差，同时违反碳酸盐闭合和无源碳守恒。为解决这一问题，我们引入了REACT，一种碳优先的重建框架，将输运、活性校正和化学解码解耦。REACT使用保守的对流-扩散求解器输运潜在碳酸盐状态，通过源模块捕获非保守的碳循环变化，将校正后的状态解码为pH，并通过碳酸盐平衡约束输出。这种设计保持pH作为目标，同时强制底层碳状态的一致性。在模拟数据上，REACT将pH NRMSE降低了14.7%，化学一致性误差降低了24.0%，优于最佳基线。跨时间尺度评估显示其对从粗到细时间尺度的误差累积具有鲁棒性，消融研究验证了每个组件的有效性。
英文摘要
Reconstructing global sea surface pH from sparse observations is critical for monitoring ocean acidification and understanding marine carbon cycling. Traditional assimilation and inverse models are physically grounded but costly for large-scale reconstruction. Recent black-box and physics-guided AI models improve efficiency, but are mainly designed for passive tracers, where the reconstructed variable is also the transported inventory. In contrast, pH is an active carbonate tracer: it is the prediction target, while dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the conserved carbon inventory. This mismatch can produce low pH error while violating carbonate closure and source-free carbon conservation. To address this, we introduce \textbf{REACT}, a carbon-first reconstruction framework that decouples transport, active correction, and chemical decoding. REACT transports a latent carbonate state with a conservative advection--diffusion solver, captures non-conservative carbon-cycle variations with a source module, decodes the corrected state into pH, and constrains the output through carbonate equilibrium. This design keeps pH as the target while enforcing consistency on the underlying carbon state. On simulation data, REACT reduces pH NRMSE by (14.7%) and chemical consistency error by (24.0%) over the best baseline. Cross-temporal-scale evaluations show robustness against error accumulation from coarse to fine temporal scales, and ablation studies validate the effectiveness of each component.
