发表机构
University of Pisa（比萨大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本系统文献综述识别了20种影响软件环境可持续性的绿色坏味道，并将其映射到相应的重构技术，为从业者提供实用指导并为可持续软件工程研究奠定基础。
AI 中文摘要
背景：信息与通信技术（ICT）对环境的影响正在持续增长。提升其环境可持续性需要处理高能耗的软件系统，并尽可能减少其足迹。目标：为了更好地界定该问题及其持久性，可以将软件视为无论其功能多么先进，都承载着结构性低效。将这些低效识别为“绿色坏味道”为重构代码以减轻其生态影响提供了基础。我们旨在识别影响环境可持续性软件的已知绿色坏味道，并将其映射到旨在减少其中影响的相应重构。方法：在本文中，我们对讨论绿色坏味道及其可能重构的文章进行了系统文献综述。我们分析并分类了截至2026年3月发表的66项主要研究。结果：我们识别出20种影响软件环境可持续性的坏味道。每种坏味道都与一种或多种已知能减轻其对软件环境可持续性负面影响的重构技术相关联。结论：文献见证了解决影响软件系统的绿色坏味道的兴趣。编目后的绿色坏味道及相应的重构可以为从业者在日常开发工作流程中提供实用价值，同时也为研究人员在可持续软件工程中建立新的研究方向提供了起点。
英文摘要
Context: The environmental impact of ICT is constantly growing. Enhancing its environmental sustainability requires dealing with energy-hungry software systems, by possibly reducing their footprint. Objective: To better frame the problem and its persistent nature, software can be viewed as carrying structural inefficiencies regardless of how advanced its functionality may be. Identifying these inefficiencies as "green smells" provides a basis for refactoring code to mitigate its ecological impact. We aim at identifying well-known green smells impacting environmental sustainable software and map them to corresponding refactoring aimed at reducing the impact therein. Method: In this article, we conduct a systematic literature review on the articles that discuss green smells and their possible refactorings. We analyse and classify 66 primary studies published up to March 2026. Results: We identify 20 smells impacting environmental sustainability of software. Each smell is associated with one or more refactoring techniques known to mitigate their negative effects on the environmental sustainability of software. Conclusions: The literature witnesses the interest in resolving the green smells affecting software systems. The catalogued green smells and the corresponding refactorings can provide pragmatic value for practitioners in their daily development workflows, while also offering researchers a starting point to establish new research directions in sustainable software engineering.
