发表机构
German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI); University of Kaiserslautern (RPTU)（德国人工智能研究中心; 凯泽斯劳滕大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述夹持天线系统的多址接入，提出统一分类框架，识别关键损伤并评估各域方案，为损伤感知设计奠定基础。
AI 中文摘要
夹持天线系统将介电夹持器附着在波导上，在距任何用户几米范围内创建视距辐射点。然而，与每个阵元发射专用信号的传统阵列不同，同一波导上的夹持器辐射相同的信号。因此，分离多个用户的信号变得具有挑战性，需要从新的视角看待多址接入。大多数现有研究基于理想化模型，且没有综述在现实损伤条件下考察接入方案。本文综述了夹持天线系统中的多址接入，并根据空间自由度将五十六项工作组织成统一的分类体系。单个波导的用户只能在时间、频率、功率或导模上分离，而多个波导则增加了空间域。随后，本文识别了对这种分离至关重要的损伤，这些损伤扰动有效信道、在正交资源间泄漏干扰或在上行链路耦合夹持器，并将其总结为损伤-方法映射图。在相同信道和损伤模型下对时域、频域、功率域和空域接入的统一评估表明，性能退化具有方法特异性。分析和数值结果为这些系统中的多址接入提供了洞见，并为其损伤感知设计奠定了基础，这是其在实用网络中采用的必要步骤。
英文摘要
Pinching-antenna systems attach dielectric pinches to a waveguide, creating line-of-sight radiation points within a few meters of any user. The pinches on one waveguide, however, radiate the same signal, unlike a conventional array, where each element transmits a dedicated signal. Separating the signals of multiple users therefore becomes challenging and requires a new perspective on multiple access. Most existing studies rest on an idealized model, and no survey examines the access schemes under realistic impairments. This article surveys multiple access in pinching-antenna systems and organizes fifty-six works into a unified taxonomy by spatial degrees of freedom. The users of one waveguide can be separated only in time, frequency, power, or guided mode, while multiple waveguides add the space domain. The article then identifies the impairments critical to this separation, which perturb the effective channel, leak interference across orthogonal resources, or couple the pinches on the uplink, and summarizes them in an impairment-versus-method map. A unified evaluation of time-, frequency-, power-, and space-domain access under identical channel and impairment models reveals that the degradation is method specific. The analytical and numerical results give insight into multiple access in these systems and provide a basis for its impairment-aware design, a necessary step toward their adoption in practical networks.
Comments20 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables. Submitted to IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
