发表机构
Harbin Institute of Technology; Central Asian University; University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences; New Uzbekistan University; Institute of Theoretical Physics, National University of Uzbekistan; Kimyo International University in Tashkent（哈尔滨工业大学; 中亚大学; 塔什干应用科学大学; 新乌兹别克斯坦大学; 乌兹别克斯坦国立大学理论物理研究所; 塔什干化学国际大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出了弯曲时空中伦敦电动力学的广义协变扩展，研究了超导等离子体包围的施瓦西黑洞的电磁准正则模，发现伦敦穿透深度会改变振荡频率和阻尼率，并可能产生长寿命准束缚态。
AI 中文摘要
我们在四维弯曲时空中提出了伦敦电动力学的一个广义协变扩展，并研究了围绕黑洞的超导介质中电磁扰动的传播。普通的伦敦关系被提升为一个规范不变的四维本构方程，涉及电磁四势和超导凝聚体的相位。当与协变麦克斯韦方程组结合时，所得系统在伦敦（幺正）规范下等价于一个Proca理论，其有效光子质量由伦敦穿透深度的倒数设定。我们推导了在超导等离子体存在下，施瓦西时空轴向和极向扇区中电磁扰动对应的类薛定谔波动方程。轴向扇区由一个单一的Regge-Wheeler型方程控制，其有效势包含伦敦质量项，而极向扇区包含两个耦合的物理自由度。针对施瓦西几何制定了准正则模边界条件。伦敦穿透深度会移动振荡频率，改变阻尼率，并且当有效场质量足够大时，可以产生长寿命的准束缚构型。该形式体系为研究弯曲超导介质中的电磁弛豫、包含超导相的致密天体以及黑洞周围的有效有质量矢量场提供了一个框架。
英文摘要
We formulate a generally covariant extension of London electrodynamics in four-dimensional curved spacetime and investigate the propagation of electromagnetic perturbations in a superconducting medium surrounding a black hole. The ordinary London relation is promoted to a gauge-invariant four-dimensional constitutive equation involving the electromagnetic four-potential and the phase of the superconducting condensate. When combined with the covariant Maxwell equations, the resulting system is equivalent, in the London (unitary) gauge, to a Proca theory with an effective photon mass set by the inverse London penetration depth. We derive the corresponding Schrödinger-like wave equations for electromagnetic perturbations in the axial and polar sectors of the Schwarzschild spacetime in the presence of the superconducting plasma. The axial sector is governed by a single Regge--Wheeler-type equation whose effective potential contains the London mass term, whereas the polar sector contains two coupled physical degrees of freedom. Quasinormal-mode boundary conditions are formulated for the Schwarzschild geometry. The London penetration depth shifts the oscillation frequencies, modifies the damping rates, and can generate long-lived quasibound configurations when the effective field mass is sufficiently large. This formalism provides a framework for studying electromagnetic relaxation in curved superconducting media, compact objects containing superconducting phases, and effective massive-vector fields around black holes.
Comments15 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables
