发表机构
National University of Singapore; Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore; Stony Brook University（新加坡国立大学; 新加坡国立大学量子技术中心; 石溪大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出可委托量子火原语，通过经典或量子克隆密钥实现指定服务器克隆火焰，防止其他持有者克隆，并在预言机模型中给出两种构造，限制敌手最多克隆m个火焰。
AI 中文摘要
量子火是一种最近引入的密码学原语，由可高效制备的量子态（称为“火焰”）构成，这些量子态允许高效克隆，但抵抗高效电报传输，即通过经典通信且无预共享纠缠的重建。在先前所有量子火的构造中，克隆是一种公开操作，不需要单独的密钥，每个持有火焰状态的用户都可以克隆它。然而，对于访问控制的应用，发行者可能希望将克隆委托给指定的量子服务器，同时不赋予其他火焰持有者此能力。为解决此问题，我们引入了“可委托量子火”，其中克隆需要单独的密钥。我们在经典预言机模型中给出了两种构造。第一种构造使用经典秘密密钥来实现克隆，任何拥有完整密钥的用户都能成功克隆。第二种构造，我们称之为“火炬火”，使用量子克隆密钥（称为“火炬”），这些密钥在过程中不受影响地实现克隆，但不能被拆分或委托以启用额外克隆。给定m个火炬的高效敌手，除了可忽略的概率外，无法使超过m个不通信的各方各自克隆一个新鲜的、独立发行的挑战火焰。敌手可以在分离各方之前联合处理其资源，并在他们之间分发任意纠缠的寄存器。两种构造都在预言机模型中，依赖于允许量子叠加查询的公开经典预言机。
英文摘要
Quantum fire is a recently introduced cryptographic primitive consisting of efficiently preparable quantum states, called \emph{flames}, that admit efficient cloning but resist efficient telegraphing, namely reconstruction via classical communication without preshared entanglement. In all prior constructions of quantum fire, cloning is a public operation that requires no separate key and every holder of a flame state can clone it. For applications to access control, however, an issuer may wish to delegate cloning to designated quantum servers while withholding this capability from other flame holders. To address this, we introduce \emph{delegatable quantum fire}, in which cloning requires a separate key. We give two constructions in the classical-oracle model. Our first construction uses a classical secret key which enables cloning, and any user with the entire key may clone successfully. Our second construction, which we call \emph{torch-fire}, uses quantum cloning keys, called \emph{torches}, which enable cloning while remaining unaffected in the process but cannot otherwise be split or delegated to enable additional cloning. An efficient adversary given $m$ torches cannot, except with negligible probability, enable more than $m$ noncommunicating parties to each clone a fresh, independently issued challenge flame. The adversary may jointly process its resources before separating the parties and distribute arbitrarily entangled registers among them. Both constructions are in the oracle model, relying on public classical oracles that allow queries in quantum superposition.
