发表机构
Keio University（庆应义塾大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出首款带双域指纹识别与事件驱动AFE的dToF LiDAR SoC，通过随机化脉冲对认证抵御欺骗攻击，实现120米测距、1厘米分辨率及73%点云防护。
AI 中文摘要
近期研究表明，大多数商用直接飞行时间（dToF）LiDAR可通过向接收器注入高频激光脉冲而被欺骗，从而从点云中抹除行人。本文提出了首款集成传感器级硬件安全防护的dToF LiDAR片上系统（SoC），以抵御欺骗攻击。我们提出了双域指纹识别（DDF）技术，该技术发射时间间隔和幅度比均随机化的激光脉冲对，并在该二维空间中认证接收到的回波，从而使欺骗信号在破坏测距结果之前被拒绝。事件驱动AFE（ED-AFE）仅在脉冲峰值附近激活ADC：它通过触发ADC以1-GHz采样率对每个峰值周围的三个样本进行数字化，并应用抛物线插值，实现了1-cm的距离分辨率，同时ADC功耗降低99%。时间调制激光驱动器通过调制激光电容的充电时间来控制激光幅度从10%到100%，提供了DDF所需的微秒级幅度调制。采用16通道65-nm CMOS原型SoC的LiDAR系统展示了高达120-m的测距能力和每通道3.1 mW的AFE功耗，比现有技术低60%。在将双域认证应用于实测传感器数据的概念验证实验中，欺骗攻击下73%的点云受到保护，而使用DDF时该比例为0%。
英文摘要
Recent studies have shown that most commercial direct time-of-flight (dToF) LiDARs can be spoofed by injecting high-frequency laser pulses into the receiver, which can erase pedestrians from the point cloud. This paper presents the first dToF LiDAR system-on-chip (SoC) with integrated sensor-level hardware security against spoofing attacks. We propose Dual-Domain Fingerprinting (DDF), which emits laser pulse pairs whose time interval and amplitude ratio are both randomized and authenticates received echoes in this two-dimensional space, so that spoofed signals are rejected before they corrupt the ranging result. An Event-Driven AFE (ED-AFE) activates the ADC only around pulse peaks: it digitizes three samples around each peak with a triggered ADC at 1-GHz sampling and applies parabolic interpolation, achieving 1-cm distance resolution with a 99% reduction in ADC power. A time-modulated laser driver controls the laser amplitude from 10% to 100% by modulating the charge time of a laser capacitor, providing the microsecond-order amplitude modulation required by DDF. A LiDAR system with a 16-channel 65-nm CMOS prototype SoC demonstrates up to 120-m ranging and an AFE power of 3.1 mW per channel, 60% lower than prior art. In a proof-of-concept experiment in which the dual-domain authentication is applied to measured sensor data, 73% of the point cloud is protected under spoofing attack, compared with 0% without DDF.
