定量自旋-轨道工程实现亚波长尺度可编程偏振态，用于多功能光子功能

中文摘要 AI 辅助

光学偏振的精确和可编程控制为光-物质相互作用和光学信息编码提供了多功能的矢量自由度。然而，现有的偏振态发生器（PSGs）在微米尺度上存在切换性差和保真度不高的问题，这严重限制了其实际应用。为克服这些限制，本文提出了一种定量自旋-轨道工程方法，能够在亚波长维度上动态合成任意偏振态。其核心概念是定制共轭光学涡旋，独立调控矢量偏振光的正交自旋分量。这种空间调制方案消除了固有拓扑电荷，并重塑了自旋-轨道相互作用，从而按需相干构建偏振椭圆。利用这一机制，我们实验合成了覆盖整个庞加莱球面的衍射极限任意偏振光束，保真度超过99%。作为原理验证演示，我们将小型化PSG平台应用于穆勒矩阵偏振显微镜、像素级偏振加密和并行偏振信息编码，展示了可编程偏振控制在亚波长偏振成像和可重构复用偏振编码中的广泛用途。与最先进的PSG相比，我们的方法在单一架构中独特地集成了快速可编程性、高保真度和亚波长局域化。这项工作的多功能能力使该平台成为推进穆勒矩阵偏振显微镜、多维光学存储和安全光学信息处理等领域的一条有前景的途径。

英文摘要

Precise and programmable control of optical polarization provides a versatile vectorial degree of freedom for light-matter interaction and optical information encoding. Existing polarization state generators (PSGs), however, suffer from poor switchability and modest fidelity at the micrometer scale, which severely constrains their practical applicability. To overcome these limitations, here we present a quantitative spin-orbit engineering that enables the dynamic synthesis of arbitrary polarization states at subwavelength dimensions. The core concept is to tailor conjugate optical vortices that independently address the orthogonal spin components of a vectorially polarized light. This spatial modulation scheme annihilates intrinsic topological charges and reshapes the spin-orbit interaction, thereby coherently constructing polarization ellipses on demand. Leveraging this mechanism, we experimentally synthesize diffraction-limited arbitrarily polarized beams spanning the entire Poincare sphere with fidelity over 99%. As proof-of-principle demonstrations, we apply the miniaturized PSG platform to Mueller-matrix polarization microscopy, pixel-level polarization encryption, and parallel polarization-information encoding, illustrating its broad utility of programmable polarization control for subwavelength polarimetric imaging and reconfigurable multiplexed polarization encoding. Compared with state-of-the-art PSGs, our approach uniquely integrates rapid programmability, high fidelity, and subwavelength localization in a single architecture. These multifunctional capabilities of this work position the platform as a promising route for advancing Mueller matrix polarization microscopy, multidimensional optical storage, and secure optical information processing, and beyond.

发表机构

• College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学高级文理学院）

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