发表机构
Nanjing University; Hubei University; Indiana University School of Medicine（南京大学; 湖北大学; 印第安纳大学医学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
NIH 2025年审查通过移除DEI语言，使少数族裔健康研究在统计中消失但资助保留，揭示了词语编辑对科学计数的影响。
AI 中文摘要
资助者通过软件对其奖项文本进行分类来了解其投资组合。美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）以这种方式挖掘了300多个类别的支出报告，而关于分类和指标的研究将文本视为申请人所写的内容。2025年，NIH要求在不支持DEI活动的奖项中移除“DEI语言”，从而对其计数的词语进行了审查。我们追踪了37,790个持续奖项中的人口名称，并将其与实践记录进行核对。名称具有信息性：在具有试验基线的新的奖项中，标题中提及黑人群体预测了高出60个百分点的入组比例。文本特征预测了哪些名称得以保留，而实践记录增加的预测能力有限。NIH的少数族裔健康类别跟随了这些名称：在带有该类别的持续项目中，摘要未更改的项目中有99.4%保留了该类别，而摘要不再提及种族或族裔群体的项目中只有15.7%保留了该类别，同时这些项目仍获得了资助。盲审评审员在随机抽取的50个此类损失案例中，判定其中42个在2024财年符合该定义。通过比较70个名称损失案例的两个摘要，他们发现49个案例中涉及该群体的目标被重新表述。仅阅读2025财年摘要，63个案例不再符合该定义。涉及性和性别少数群体的奖项在调整了列出的术语、机构和活动后，被记录为终止的频率高出37.8个百分点。我们将此机制称为“词语定位”，其边界为“群体定位”，其产物为“未计数的科学”：即已获资助但统计不再记录的研究。统计跟随了编辑后的文本，而编辑后的记录无法说明研究是否随之改变。
英文摘要
Funders know their portfolios through software that classifies award text. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) reports its spending in more than 300 categories mined this way, and work on classification and indicators treats the text as the applicant's to write. In 2025 NIH required "DEI language" removed from awards not supporting DEI activities, and so policed the words it also counts. We followed population names through 37,790 continuing awards, checking them against practice records. Names were informative: in new awards with trial baselines, a title naming Black populations predicted a 60-percentage-point higher enrolled share. Text features predicted which names survived, and practice records added little. NIH's minority health category followed the names: of continuing projects carrying it, 99.4% with unchanged summaries kept it, against 15.7% of those whose summaries no longer named a racial or ethnic population, while the projects kept their funding. Blinded reviewers judged 42 of a random 50 such losses to have met its definition in FY2024. Comparing both summaries of 70 name losses, they found aims concerning the population recast in 49. Read alone, 63 FY2025 summaries no longer met the definition. Awards naming sexual and gender minorities were recorded as terminated 37.8 points more often after adjustment for listed terms, institute and activity. We call the mechanism word targeting, its boundary population targeting, and its product uncounted science: funded research the count no longer records. The count followed the edited text, and the edited record cannot say whether the research changed with it.
