发表机构
Yerevan State University; Alikhanyan National Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute)（埃里温国立大学; 阿里哈尼扬国家实验室（埃里温物理研究所））
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究刚性电荷分布线性分子在库仑平均场中的非线性静电行为，发现同号电荷吸引及非对称溶剂化，并比较了与非线性泊松-玻尔兹曼电解质中的类似效应。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了一个平衡系统，其中具有刚性电荷分布的线性分子通过库仑耦合产生的平均场相互作用。我们聚焦于非线性区域，该区域在系统内靠近外部电荷时有效。在此区域中，有限的分子尺寸导致短距离上的非局域响应。首先，我们证明平均场势是非单调的，即同号电荷可以相互吸引。其次，我们证明由外部电荷诱导的极化（及其溶剂化结构）取决于该电荷的符号，从而违反了宏观电动力学的有效C对称性。我们识别了该效应的若干场景，通过自由能和熵差对其进行表征，并将其与由非线性泊松-玻尔兹曼方程描述的不对称电解质中的类似效应进行比较。
英文摘要
We study an equilibrium system, where linear molecules with a rigid charge distribution interact via the mean-field generated by the Coulomb coupling. We focus on the nonlinear regime, which is valid close to external charges immersed in the system. The finite molecular size in this regime leads to a nonlocal response at short distances. First, we show that the mean-field potential is non-monotonic, i.e., like charges can attract each other. Second, we show that the polarization induced by an external charge (and hence its solvation structure) depends on the sign of this charge, violating the effective C-symmetry of the macroscopic electrodynamics. We identify several scenarios of this effect, characterize it with the free energy and entropy differences, and compare it with analogous effects in asymmetric electrolytes described by nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equations.
Comments18 pages, 6 figures
