发表机构
Xi’an Jiaotong University; Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University（西安交通大学; 中国核动力研究设计院; 上海交通大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了宽带LEO星座在下一代导航中的潜力、使能技术与挑战，并通过Starlink主同步序列优化案例展示了子载波功率分配在提升抗多径能力的同时保持测距精度。
AI 中文摘要
宽带低地球轨道（LEO）星座的快速部署为下一代导航提供了新的机遇。与传统的全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）相比，宽带LEO系统提供更强的接收信号、更宽的带宽、快速变化的卫星几何以及更大的星座规模，为定位、导航和授时（PNT）提供了新能力。同时，其面向通信的波形、高动态性和资源受限的架构引入了与GNSS根本不同的新挑战。本文全面概述了用于下一代导航的宽带LEO星座，涵盖其基本特性、代表性用例、关键使能技术和开放挑战。我们首先将宽带LEO系统与传统GNSS进行比较，并总结了基于LEO的PNT的主要技术路线。然后，我们讨论了在GNSS受限、多径主导以及通信导航一体化（ICAN）场景中的新兴用例。进一步回顾了包括波形设计、高动态信号处理和星座资源调度在内的关键使能技术。作为代表性案例研究，对Starlink主同步序列的导航导向优化表明，子载波功率分配可以在保持测距精度的同时提高抗多径能力。最后，讨论了宽带LEO导航的几个挑战和未来方向，旨在为未来研究提供参考。
英文摘要
The rapid deployment of broadband low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations provides new opportunities for next-generation navigation. Compared with conventional global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), broadband LEO systems provide stronger received signals, wider bandwidths, rapidly varying satellite geometry, and larger constellation scales, offering new capabilities for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). Meanwhile, their communication-oriented waveforms, high dynamics, and resource-constrained architectures introduce new challenges that are fundamentally different from those in GNSS. This article provides a comprehensive overview of broadband LEO constellations for next-generation navigation, covering their fundamental characteristics, representative use cases, key enabling technologies, and open challenges. We first compare broadband LEO systems with conventional GNSS and summarize the main technical routes for LEO-based PNT. We then discussed the emerging use cases in GNSS-challenged, multipath-dominant, and integrated communication and navigation (ICAN) scenarios. Key enabling technologies including waveform design, high-dynamic signal processing, and constellation resource scheduling are further reviewed. As a representative case study, the navigation-oriented optimization of the Starlink primary synchronization sequence demonstrates that subcarrier power allocation can improve multipath resistance while maintaining ranging accuracy. Finally, several challenges and future directions of broadband LEO-based navigation are discussed, aiming to provide reference for future researches.
