发表机构
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究中性大气中可压缩 Miles 不稳定性,证明在亚声速条件下,比涡度梯度取代曲率决定临界层留数,并给出不稳定根的充分条件及对不可压缩极限的收敛性。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了空气与水中可压缩欧拉流与不可压缩欧拉流之间平坦界面的正则模稳定性,其中包含重力和表面张力。基态是静止的水,上方为静水压、常熵剪切流 $U(z)$,且 $U(0)=0$,因此大气是中性层结的。对于界面处空气密度与水的密度之比的小参数 $\varepsilon$,以及均匀亚声速的波相对流动,我们建立了 Miles 临界层不稳定性的可压缩类比,扩展了 Bühler、Shatah、Walsh 和 Zeng 的严格不可压缩理论。对于实相速度 $c_r$,在正则临界层 $U(z_c)=c_r$ 处的奇异系数具有与 $Q=U''+gU'/a^2=\bar\rho_0(U'/\bar\rho_0)'$ 成比例的留数,其中 $g$ 为重力加速度,$a$ 为声速,$\bar\rho_0$ 为归一化的基态空气密度。因此,比涡度梯度取代了不可压缩理论中的曲率 $U''$。我们证明了在正则、非共振相速度下的极限吸收原理,以及空气侧压力响应在波数 $k>0$ 下的边界值 $Z_{\mathrm a}^+(k,c_r)$ 的虚部的留数公式。设 $c_k>0$ 为自由重力-毛细波的相速度。若 $\mathrm{Im}\\,Z_{\mathrm a}^+(k,c_k)>0$,则对于足够小的 $\varepsilon$,色散关系在 $c_k$ 的邻域内恰好有一个不依赖于 $\varepsilon$ 的不稳定根 $c_\varepsilon$。一个充分条件是:在每个临界层 $Q\le0$,且在最高临界层 $Q<0$。当马赫数 $M\to0$ 时,$Z_{\mathrm a}^+$ 以 $O(M^2)$ 的速率收敛到其不可压缩对应量。在相应的不可压缩符号条件下,不稳定根满足 $|c_\varepsilon(M)-c_\varepsilon(0)|\le C\varepsilon M^2$,其中 $C$ 与 $\varepsilon$ 和 $M$ 无关。
英文摘要
We study the normal-mode stability of a flat interface between compressible Euler flow in the air and incompressible Euler flow in the water, including gravity and surface tension. The base state is quiescent water beneath a hydrostatic, constant-entropy shear flow $U(z)$ with $U(0)=0$, so the atmosphere is neutrally stratified. For a small ratio $\varepsilon$ of the air density at the interface to the water density, and for uniformly subsonic wave-relative flow, we establish a compressible analog of the critical-layer instability of Miles, extending the rigorous incompressible theory of Bühler, Shatah, Walsh, and Zeng. For a real phase speed $c_r$, the singular coefficient at a regular critical level $U(z_c)=c_r$ has a residue proportional to $Q=U''+gU'/a^2=\barρ_0(U'/\barρ_0)'$, with gravitational acceleration $g$, sound speed $a$, and normalized base-state air density $\barρ_0$. Thus the gradient of specific vorticity replaces the curvature $U''$ of the incompressible theory. We prove a limiting absorption principle at regular, non-resonant phase speeds and a residue formula for the imaginary part of the boundary value $Z_{\mathrm a}^+(k,c_r)$ of the air-side pressure response at wavenumber $k>0$. Let $c_k>0$ be the phase speed of the free gravity-capillary wave. If $\mathrm{Im}\,Z_{\mathrm a}^+(k,c_k)>0$, then, for sufficiently small $\varepsilon$, the dispersion relation has exactly one unstable root $c_\varepsilon$ in a neighborhood of $c_k$ that does not depend on $\varepsilon$. A sufficient condition is $Q\le0$ at every critical level and $Q<0$ at the highest one. As the Mach number $M\to0$, $Z_{\mathrm a}^+$ converges to its incompressible counterpart at rate $O(M^2)$. Under the corresponding incompressible sign condition, the unstable root satisfies $|c_\varepsilon(M)-c_\varepsilon(0)|\le C\varepsilon M^2$ with $C$ independent of $\varepsilon$ and $M$.