发表机构
Universidade de Lisboa; National Technical University of Athens; Shandong University（里斯本大学; 雅典国立技术大学; 山东大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究通过数值和解析方法证明，标量云等玻色子环境可破坏极端质量比旋近系统的可积性，产生共振岛和混沌层，影响引力波信号。
AI 中文摘要
极端质量比旋近是测试强引力和大质量黑洞环境的关键引力波源。虽然克尔黑洞时空中的轨道运动是可积的，但现实的黑洞可能被破坏可积性的环境所包围。我们利用完全非线性的数值解和分析后牛顿模型，研究了被标量云包围的旋转黑洞周围的保守轨道动力学。庞加莱截面和旋转曲线揭示了有限宽度的共振岛，提供了即使在云只携带黑洞质量的一小部分时系统不可积的证据。我们表明，对于弱云，后牛顿描述再现了主导共振及其岛宽，但在本文研究的更强、更致密的云配置中低估了宽度。此外，我们发现，对于与黑洞质量相当的标量云，相空间表现出更宽的共振岛以及指示混沌运动的散射层。与早期工作一起，这些结果表明环境效应可以普遍地破坏测地线运动的可积性，激励了在考虑辐射反作用后对共振穿越及其引力波信号的进一步研究。
英文摘要
Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals are key gravitational-wave sources for testing strong gravity and the environments of massive black holes. While orbital motion in Kerr black hole spacetimes is integrable, realistic black holes may be surrounded by environments that break integrability. We investigate conservative orbital dynamics around rotating black holes surrounded by scalar clouds using fully nonlinear numerical solutions and an analytical post-Newtonian model. Poincaré sections and rotation curves reveal finite-width resonant islands, providing evidence for non-integrability even when the cloud carries only a small fraction of the black-hole mass. We show that the post-Newtonian description reproduces the dominant resonance and its island width for weak clouds, but underestimates the width in the configurations with stronger, more compact clouds examined here. Moreover, we find that for a scalar cloud as massive as the black hole, the phase space exhibits wider resonant islands as well as scattered layers indicative of chaotic motion. Together with earlier work, these results show that environmental effects can generically break the integrability of geodesic motion, motivating further study of resonance crossings and their gravitational-wave signatures once radiation reaction is included.
Comments11 pages, 4 figures
