发表机构
Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文在德西特空间中构造引力修饰的可观测量，要求基础可观测量满足dS不变性，通过格林函数求解对易条件实现修饰，并以标量双粒子态为例验证其重现Schwarzschild-dS解的线性化形式。
AI 中文摘要
我们描述了在德西特（dS）空间中构造引力修饰的可观测量，达到牛顿常数下非平凡的首阶。我们表明，对于一个基础场论可观测量要成为“可引力修饰的”，它必须是dS不变的。如果满足此条件，其引力修饰可以通过求解修饰可观测量与约束对易的条件，用某些格林函数来构造。我们提供了与位于时间对称切片上的修饰可观测量相关的格林函数的构造。一个简单的dS不变可观测量例子是产生标量双粒子态的算符。在大质量极限下，粒子被证明位于对映位置，并且该算符（或相应态）的修饰可以显式构造。其行为通过涉及该态的某些关联函数来诊断，我们明确检查这些关联函数确实重现了Schwarzschild-dS解的线性化版本。基础的dS不变可观测量可以被视为关系性的，我们论证其可以推广到包含具有观察者性质的系统，这些系统随后也可以类似地被引力修饰。我们还简要描述了这种修饰可观测量如何与alpha真空相关联，并讨论了关于此类算符的更完整构造和作用的其他问题。
英文摘要
We describe construction of gravitationally dressed observables in de Sitter (dS) space, to leading non-trivial order in Newton's constant. We show that for an underlying field theory observable to be "gravitationally dressable," it must be dS invariant. If it satisfies this condition, its gravitational dressing can be constructed in terms of certain Green functions, by solving the condition that the dressed observable commute with the constraints. We provide a construction of the Green functions relevant for dressing observables lying on a time-symmetric slice. A simple example of a dS invariant observable is an operator creating a two-particle state of scalars. In the large mass limit, the particles are shown to be antipodally located, and the dressing of this operator (or corresponding state) can be explicitly constructed. Its behavior is diagnosed by certain correlators involving this state, and we check explicitly that these correlators then reproduce a linearized version of the Schwarzschild-dS solution. The underlying dS-invariant observables may be thought of as relational, and we argue can be generalized to include systems with properties of observers, which then could be likewise gravitationally dressed. We also briefly describe how such dressed observables can be related to alpha vacua, and discuss other questions regarding a more complete construction and role of such operators.
Comments26 pages
