QAC0 的鲁棒性
The Robustness of QAC0
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- UCSD(加州大学圣地亚哥分校)
- Caltech(加州理工学院)
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究证明QAC0电路在误差消除和门集限制下具有鲁棒性:可精确模拟TC0并计算AC0[p]之外的函数,且仅用广义Toffoli、S和Hadamard门即可近似实现任意QAC0电路。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在这项工作中,我们研究了 $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ 在误差容限和其门集修改方面的鲁棒性。首先,我们探究了通常允许用于计算布尔函数的 $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ 电路中的非零误差是否确实必要。我们证明,通过在多副本背景下新颖地应用精确振幅放大,可以完全消除 \cite{grier_morris_wu} 中并行 $W$-检验所固有的误差。因此,我们发现 $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ 可以用经典输入的多项式多个副本精确模拟 $\mathsf{TC}^0$,并且对于每个固定的素数 $p$,精确的 $\mathsf{QAC}^0$(即 $\mathsf{EQAC}^0$)可以计算 $\mathsf{AC}^0[p]$ 之外的全布尔函数。其次,我们探究 $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ 的计算能力在多大程度上源于电路中任意位置可以使用任意单量子比特门这一事实。我们发现,$\mathsf{QAC}^0$ 实际上对允许使用的单量子比特门的限制具有鲁棒性:每个 $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ 电路都可以由仅包含广义 Toffoli、$S$ 和 Hadamard 门的 $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ 电路近似实现。此外,这个近似电路可以从原始电路的经典描述中高效地构造出来。
英文摘要
In this work we study the robustness of $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ with respect to error tolerance and modifications to its gate-set. First, we investigate whether the non-zero error typically allowed for $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ circuits computing Boolean functions is truly necessary. We show that the error inherent in the parallel $W$-test of \cite{grier_morris_wu} can be eliminated entirely via a novel application of exact amplitude amplification in the many-copies context. Consequently, we find that $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ can \textit{exactly} simulate $\mathsf{TC}^0$ with polynomially many copies of the classical input and that for every fixed prime $p$ exact $\mathsf{QAC}^0$, $\mathsf{EQAC}^0$, can compute total Boolean functions outside of $\mathsf{AC}^0[p]$. Second, we ask to what extent the computational power of $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ follows from the fact that arbitrary single-qubit gates may be used at any point in the circuit. We find that $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ is in fact robust to restrictions on which single-qubit gates are permitted: every $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ circuit can be approximately implemented by a $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ circuit consisting of just generalized Toffoli, $S$, and Hadamard gates. Moreover, this approximating circuit can be constructed efficiently from a classical description of the original circuit.