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arXiv 2610.02145quant-phcs.CCcs.DS

通过解码量子干涉测量实现近似优化的可证明量子优势

A provable quantum advantage for approximate optimization via decoded quantum interferometry

Maximilian J. Kramer, Elies Gil-Fuster, Benjamin D. M. Jones, Jens Eisert, Franz J. Schreiber

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中文总结 AI 辅助

本研究在预言机设置下证明了解码量子干涉测量(DQI)算法在折叠最优多项式交集问题上相对于所有多项式时间经典算法具有可证明的近似比优势,并通过修改算法进一步扩大差距,展示了量子近似优化的优势。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

解码量子干涉测量(DQI)是在量子计算机上处理近似优化问题的一种新范式。该框架具有强大的性能保证,并利用了优化与编码理论之间公认的对偶性。然而,一个核心问题是:DQI 是否能在可证明意义上超越所有多项式时间经典算法。在本工作中,我们在预言机设置下建立了这样的优势:我们考虑一个名为折叠最优多项式交集(folded OPI)的优化任务,其中接受集是随机选择的,并通过成员资格预言机进行访问。我们证明了任何多项式时间经典算法所能达到的近似比与 DQI 算法所达到的近似比之间存在严格差距。我们的证明建立在 Jordan 等人针对近似优化的 DQI 框架之上,并将 Yamakawa 和 Zhandry 的精确搜索预言机分离背后的经典下界方法扩展到近似情形。基于 Sun 和 Wootters、Horinaga 和 Yamakawa 以及 Jo 的最新进展,我们进一步证明,DQI 算法的一个修改版本在折叠 OPI 问题上实现了严格更大的差距,从而产生了更强的量子分离。作为一个具体示例,对于码率 0.3,DQI 和修改后的算法分别达到约 0.85 和 0.95 的期望得分。相比之下,在采样实例上以恒定概率将经典阈值 0.65 超出任何固定量,需要超多项式数量的经典成员资格查询。

英文摘要

Decoded quantum interferometry (DQI) is a novel paradigm for tackling approximate optimization problems on quantum computers. This framework comes with strong performance guarantees and exploits a well-established duality between optimization and coding theory. A central question, however, is whether DQI can actually provably outperform all polynomial-time classical algorithms. In this work, we establish such an advantage in an oracle setting: we consider an optimization task called folded optimal polynomial intersection (folded OPI), where the acceptance sets are chosen randomly and accessed through membership oracles. We establish a strict gap between the approximation ratio achievable by any polynomial-time classical algorithm and the approximation ratio achieved by the DQI algorithm. Our proof builds on Jordan et al.'s DQI framework for approximate optimization and extends the classical lower-bound method underlying Yamakawa and Zhandry's exact-search oracle separation to approximation. Building on recent developments by Sun and Wootters, Horinaga and Yamakawa, and Jo, we further show that a modified version of the DQI algorithm achieves a strictly higher score guarantee on typical sampled folded OPI instances. As a concrete example, for code rate $0.3$, DQI achieves expected scores of approximately $0.85$. In contrast, exceeding the classical threshold of $0.65$ by any fixed amount with constant probability on sampled instances requires super-polynomially many classical membership queries.

发表机构

  • Freie Universität Berlin(柏林自由大学)
  • Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute(弗劳恩霍夫海因里希赫兹研究所)
  • Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie(柏林亥姆霍兹材料与能源中心)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

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