多部分量子测量的无纠缠非局域性
Nonlocality without entanglement for multipartite quantum measurements
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究证明两量子比特乘积测量在联合访问时可区分但局部分布时不可区分，建立无纠缠非局域性的测量类比，并揭示自适应协议优势、方向性及构造n-qubit测量对，最后展示光学实现。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们证明，一对两量子比特乘积测量在联合访问时可以完美区分，但当其局部分量分布在受限于局域量子操作和经典通信（LOCC）的远距离各方之间时，却无法被完美区分。这建立了无纠缠非局域性的测量类比，与其基于态的对等物不同，它在极其简单的设置中出现。我们进一步揭示了LOCC区分策略的层级结构：自适应协议（其中在一个站点使用的探针可能依赖于从另一站点获得的经典信息）可以严格优于受限的非自适应协议，这通过一组六个两部分qutrit乘积测量得以证明。我们还表明，两部分测量的LOCC可区分性可以是固有方向性的，取决于哪一方发起协议。更一般地，我们构造了$n$-qubit乘积测量对，它们在全局上完美可区分，但无法在任何二分割上完美区分，即使二分割两侧的所有各方被允许任意的联合量子操作。最后，我们展示了如何利用基本光学组件实现基于量子过程无纠缠非局域性的量子数据隐藏。
英文摘要
We show that a pair of two-qubit product measurements can be perfectly distinguished when accessed jointly, yet cannot be perfectly distinguished when their local components are distributed between distant parties restricted to local quantum operations and classical communication (LOCC). This establishes a measurement analogue of nonlocality without entanglement that, unlike its state-based counterpart, emerges in a remarkably simple setting. We further uncover a hierarchy of LOCC discrimination strategies: adaptive protocols, in which the probe used at one site may depend on classical information obtained from another, can strictly outperform restricted non-adaptive protocols, as demonstrated by a set of six bipartite qutrit product measurements. We also show that LOCC distinguishability of bipartite measurements can be intrinsically directional, depending on which party initiates the protocol. More generally, we construct pairs of $n$-qubit product measurements that are globally perfectly distinguishable but cannot be perfectly distinguished across any bipartition, even when all parties on either side of the bipartition are allowed arbitrary joint quantum operations. Finally, we show how quantum data hiding based on quantum-process nonlocality without entanglement can be realized using elementary optical components.
发表机构
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar（印度技术学院布巴内斯瓦尔分校）
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