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致密星中的迹反常分解与普适暗物质标度

Trace-anomaly decomposition and universal dark matter scaling in compact stars

Adamu Issifu, Constança Providência, Tobias Frederico

arXiv 2610.01991首次发表:更新:

发表机构

University of Coimbra; Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica(科英布拉大学; 航空技术研究所)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

AI 中文总结

本研究在单流体框架下分解致密星总迹反常,发现重暗物质通过质量加载参数λ控制普适标度,其平滑修正可与一阶解禁闭相变区分,并约束暗物质分数Fχ~0.2%与2M⊙中子星观测矛盾。

AI 中文摘要

我们研究了在自洽的单流体框架内,暗物质(DM)掺混如何改变致密中子星物质的共形性质和相结构,其中全局暗物质分数 $F_\chi=N_\chi/N_B$ 固定了局域关系 $n_\chi=F_\chi n_B$。我们推导了总迹反常 $\Delta_{\rm tot}$ 的精确分解,将其分解为微观贡献。对于受对撞机启发的希格斯门户基准模型,显式的希格斯、矢量中介子和接触相互作用贡献可忽略不计,而重非相对论暗物质具有接近非相对论极限 $\Delta_\chi\simeq1/3$ 的固有迹反常。因此,暗物质静质量能量分数主导了暗物质引起的 $\Delta_{\rm tot}$ 修正,在 $F_\chi\sim0.2\\%$ 时产生高达约0.1的平滑上移。在无压、共动的重WIMP区域,我们进一步识别出由质量加载参数 $\lambda=F_\chi m_\chi/m_N$ 控制的普适暗扇区标度:在固定 $\lambda$ 下,不同 $(F_\chi,m_\chi)$ 组合的数值计算对于给定的重子状态方程展现出重叠的迹反常、声速和质量-半径响应。在混合星中,暗物质使共存压力和化学势基本保持不变,而一阶强子-夸克解禁闭在声速平方 $c_s^2$、$\Delta_{\rm tot}$ 和 $\Delta_{\rm tot}-\Delta_B$ 中产生尖锐的不连续性。综合软化效应显著降低了最大恒星质量,使 $F_\chi\sim0.2\\%$ 与观测到的 $2\\,M_\odot$ 中子星相矛盾。这些结果表明,迹反常及其密度演化提供了灵敏的诊断手段,用于区分暗物质引起的致密物质平滑修正与真正的一阶解禁闭相变。

英文摘要

We investigate how dark matter (DM) admixture modifies the conformal properties and phase structure of dense neutron-star matter within a self-consistent single-fluid framework, with the global DM fraction $F_χ=N_χ/N_B$ fixing the local relation $n_χ=F_χn_B$. We derive an exact decomposition of the total trace anomaly, $Δ_{\rm tot}$, into microscopic contributions. For collider-motivated Higgs-portal benchmarks, explicit Higgs, vector-mediator, and contact-interaction contributions are negligible, while heavy nonrelativistic DM has an intrinsic trace anomaly close to the nonrelativistic limit, $Δ_χ\simeq1/3$. Consequently, the DM rest-mass energy fraction dominates the DM-induced modification of $Δ_{\rm tot}$, producing a smooth upward shift of up to $\sim0.1$ for $F_χ\sim0.2\%$. In the pressureless, comoving heavy-WIMP regime, we further identify a universal dark-sector scaling governed by the mass-loading parameter $λ=F_χm_χ/m_N$: numerical calculations with different $(F_χ,m_χ)$ pairs at fixed $λ$ exhibit overlapping trace-anomaly, sound-speed, and mass--radius responses for a given baryonic equation of state. In hybrid stars, DM leaves the coexistence pressure and chemical potential essentially unchanged, whereas first-order hadron--quark deconfinement produces sharp discontinuities in the squared sound speed $c_s^2$, $Δ_{\rm tot}$, and $Δ_{\rm tot}-Δ_B$. The combined softening substantially reduces the maximum stellar mass, placing $F_χ\sim0.2\%$ in tension with the observed $2\,M_\odot$ neutron stars. These results show that the trace anomaly and its density evolution provide a sensitive diagnostic for distinguishing smooth DM-induced modifications of dense matter from genuine first-order deconfinement.

Comments13 pages, 5 figures, and 2 tables

论文原文

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