发表机构
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究 Erdős 与 Graham 关于阶乘乘积为完全平方数的计数函数 $D_k(X)$ 的增长阶猜想,证明 $D_3(X)$ 有显式渐近公式,$D_5$ 与 $D_6$ 均为 $X$ 量级,并完全确定所有 $k$ 的增长阶。
AI 中文摘要
对于 $n\ge2$,设 $F(n)$ 为最小的 $k\ge2$,使得 $n!$ 是 $k$ 个不同阶乘的乘积中最大的因子且该乘积为完全平方数;并设 $D_k(X)$ 为满足 $F(n)=k$ 且 $n\le X$ 的整数 $n$ 的个数。Erdős 和 Graham 询问了 $3\le k\le6$ 时 $D_k(X)$ 的增长阶,并猜想 $D_6(X)\gg X$。我们证明了 $D_3(X)=\kappa_3\sqrt X+O_\varepsilon(X^{2/5+\varepsilon})$,其中显式常数 $\kappa_3=2.7097\ldots$,并且 $D_5(X)\asymp D_6(X)\asymp X$。结合经典事实,这确定了所有 $k$ 的 $D_k(X)$ 的增长阶。指数 $2/5$ 来自对 Pell 方程的均匀界与 Gallagher 大筛法之间的平衡,其中剩余类限制由 Weil 界提供。对于五个和六个因子的情形,我们限制为具有大于 $X^{1-\alpha}$ 的素因子的整数,其中 $\alpha>0$ 是小的固定常数。我们通过将 Matomäki、Radziwiłł、Shao、Tao 和 Teräväinen 关于素数的等分布估计与大筛法相结合,排除了较短的表示。在附录中,我们使用有限阿贝尔群的零和定理,为每个 $m\ge2$ 构造完全 $m$ 次幂,这些幂是有限个不同阶乘的乘积,其自变量由固定的仿射函数给出。
英文摘要
For $n\ge2$ let $F(n)$ be the least $k\ge2$ such that $n!$ is the largest factor in a product of $k$ distinct factorials that is a perfect square, and let $D_k(X)$ be the number of $n\le X$ with $F(n)=k$. Erdos and Graham asked for the order of growth of $D_k(X)$ for $3\le k\le6$, and conjectured that $D_6(X)\gg X$. We prove that $D_3(X)=κ_3\sqrt X+O_\varepsilon(X^{2/5+\varepsilon})$ with an explicit constant $κ_3=2.7097\ldots$, and that $D_5(X)\asymp D_6(X)\asymp X$. Together with classical facts, this determines the order of growth of $D_k(X)$ for every $k$. The exponent $2/5$ comes from balancing a uniform bound for Pell equations against Gallagher's larger sieve, with residue restrictions supplied by the Weil bound. For five and six factors we restrict to integers with a prime factor exceeding $X^{1-α}$, where $α>0$ is small and fixed. We exclude shorter representations by combining an equidistribution estimate for primes of Matomaki, Radziwill, Shao, Tao and Teravainen with the large sieve. In an appendix we use a zero-sum theorem for finite abelian groups to construct, for every $m\ge2$, perfect $m$-th powers that are products of a bounded number of distinct factorials with arguments given by fixed affine functions.
Comments18 pages