发表机构
ETH Zürich; University of Bologna（苏黎世联邦理工学院; 博洛尼亚大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种开源、转换感知的控制栈，用于32通道TinyProbe可穿戴超声平台的低延迟会话内重构，通过影子寄存器和转换特定更新，将每次转换开销从30.2 ms降至3.1 ms，多模式重复率达理论最大值的90.1%，实现时间复用的血流与结构监测。
AI 中文摘要
可穿戴超声能够实现连续的深层组织监测，单个可编程探头可以工作在多种互补模式，例如结构A模式和多普勒血流测量。然而，每种工作模式都需要专用的测量参数和外设状态，在资源受限的设备上，没有单一配置能够适用于所有模式。工作模式的时间复用会引入重构延迟，从而降低有效模式重复率。为解决这一限制，我们提出了一种开源的、支持转换感知的控制栈，用于对32通道TinyProbe可穿戴平台进行低延迟的会话内重构。工作模式被描述为硬件配置，主机端影子寄存器跟踪外设状态，从而能够进行特定于转换的寄存器更新。转换序列由主机（通过Wi-Fi 6）或探头MCU上的固件循环执行。我们在搏动流模型上验证了该控制栈，通过将25至100次脉冲波多普勒采集（以1.43 kHz PRF）与单次16通道A模式采集交替进行，并在每次转换时更改通道配置。与完全重构相比，每次转换的开销从30.2 ms降低到11.6 ms（主机调度）和3.1 ms（MCU调度）。对于75次多普勒采集块，多模式重复率达到16.0 Hz（MCU调度），为理论最大值17.7 Hz的90.1%。多普勒频谱图和管腔直径轨迹的并发重建证明了时间复用的血流和结构监测的功能。
英文摘要
Wearable ultrasound enables continuous deep-tissue monitoring, and a single programmable probe can operate in multiple complementary modes, such as structural A-mode and Doppler flow measurement. However, each operating mode requires dedicated measurement parameters and peripheral states, with no single configuration serving all modes on resource-constrained devices. Time multiplexing of operating modes introduces reconfiguration latency that lowers the effective mode repetition rate. To address this limitation, we present an open-source, transition-aware control stack for low-latency, in-session reconfiguration of the 32-channel TinyProbe wearable platform. Operating modes are described as hardware configurations, and host-side shadow registers track the peripheral states, enabling transition-specific register updates. Transition sequences are executed either by the host (over Wi-Fi 6) or by a firmware loop on the probe MCU. We validate the stack on a pulsatile-flow phantom by interleaving blocks of 25 to 100 pulsed-wave Doppler shots at 1.43 kHz PRF with single 16-channel A-mode acquisitions, changing channel configurations at every transition. Compared to full reconfiguration, the overhead per transition decreases from 30.2 ms to 11.6 ms (host-scheduled) and 3.1 ms (MCU-scheduled). For 75-shot Doppler blocks, the multi-mode repetition rate reaches 16.0 Hz (MCU-scheduled), 90.1% of the theoretical maximum of 17.7 Hz. Concurrent reconstruction of a Doppler spectrogram and a lumen-diameter trace demonstrates the functionality of time-multiplexed flow and structural monitoring.
Comments4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. This work has been accepted for publication in the 2026 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) proceedings. The final published version will be available via IEEE Xplore
