亚毫米星系是否示踪兆秒差距尺度的大尺度结构?——COSMOS 场中 449 个亚毫米星系的超密度分析
Do Submillimeter Galaxies Trace Megaparsec Large-scale Structures? -- An Overdensity Analysis of 449 Submillimeter Galaxies in COSMOS
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究通过分析 COSMOS 场中 449 个亚毫米星系周围的超密度环境,证实 SMG 是兆秒差距尺度结构的示踪体,但并非全部与超密度相关,并发现其空间分布随红移演化。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们针对 COSMOS 场中一个大样本亚毫米星系(SMG)进行了环境分析和超密度星表编制,以理解 SMG 是否可作为兆秒差距尺度超密度结构的示踪体。我们采用泊松概率方法(PPM)原星系团搜寻器来表征围绕特定“灯塔”星系的任何超密结构的重要性($\sigma$)和超密度值($\delta$)。这些灯塔星系包括来自 A3COSMOS 的 449 个 SMG(其中 168 个具有光谱红移,52 个具有 CO 或 [CII] 158$\mu$m 谱线探测),以及从 COSMOS2025 的 40 波段测光红移星表中选出的超过 5000 个主序恒星形成星系(SFG)的对照样本。我们成功重现了 COSMOS 中 15 个已知原星系团和星系团(包括 Hyperion 大尺度结构、z~2.5 的 CL J1001+0220 和 z~5.3 的 AzTEC-3 原星系团),并报告了 26 个新的基于 PPM 的高超密度($\delta$ $\geq$ 5)、高显著性($\sigma$ $\geq$ 5)的稳健候选体。我们测量了不同判据类别下 CO/[CII] 52 个 SMG 样本(完整 449 个 SMG 样本)的超密度比例为 11.5%-71.2%(1.3%-61.0%),证实与对照 SFG 样本相比,SMG 是超密度的示踪体。我们还注意到该比例低于 100%,表明并非所有 SMG 都与超密度相关。因此,我们检查了 JWST 形态,并认为 SMG 中星暴的触发必然存在非环境机制,例如并合和剧烈盘不稳定性。最后,我们进一步进行了空间分布分析,发现 SMG 在超密度中的位置存在红移演化,在较高红移处 SMG 更集中于超密度的内部区域。
英文摘要
We present an environmental analysis and overdensity catalog for a large sample of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the COSMOS field in order to understand whether SMGs are signposts of megaparsec-scale overdensity structures. We apply the Poisson Probability Method (PPM) protocluster finder to characterize the significance ($σ$) and overdensity value ($δ$) of any overdense structures surrounding specific 'beacon' galaxies. These beacons include 449 SMGs from A3COSMOS (including 168 with spectroscopic redshifts, 52 of which have CO or [CII] 158$μ$m line detections), as well as a control sample of over 5000 main-sequence star-forming galaxies (SFGs) selected from the 40-band photometric-redshift catalog in COSMOS2025. We successfully reproduce 15 known protoclusters and clusters in COSMOS (including Hyperion large-scale structure, CL J1001+0220 at z~2.5, and AzTEC-3 protocluster at z~5.3), and report 26 new PPM-based high-overdensity ($δ$ $\geq$ 5), high-significance ($σ$ $\geq$ 5), robust candidates. We measure an overdensity fraction of 11.5-71.2% (1.3-61.0%) in the CO/[CII] 52 SMG (full 449 SMG) sample with different criterion categories, confirming that SMGs are signposts of overdensities compared to the control SFG sample. We also notice that the fraction is lower than 100%, indicating that not all SMGs are associated with overdensities. We thus inspect the JWST morphology and argue that the triggering of starburst in SMGs must have non-environmental mechanisms, for instance, merger and violent disk instability. Finally, we further conduct a spatial distribution analysis, finding that the location of SMGs in overdensities has a redshift evolution, with SMGs being more concentrated in the inner regions of overdensities at higher redshift.
发表机构
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science(中国科学院紫金山天文台)
- School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院)
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台射电天文与技术重点实验室)
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)(加那利天体物理研究所)
- Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学)
- INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚空间科学观测站)
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台)
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “A. Righi”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学阿玛·玛特·斯图迪奥鲁姆物理与天文学“A. Righi”系)
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