全息模型中(2+1)味QCD相变的系统贝叶斯研究

中文摘要 AI 辅助

在本研究中，我们通过将爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦-膨胀子（EMD）框架与零化学势下的格点量子色动力学（QCD）数据（具体包括熵、声速平方和重子数磁化率）相结合，并系统纳入格点QCD（LQCD）结果的误差估计，构建了一个贝叶斯全息QCD模型。利用贝叶斯推断框架，我们首先实现了模型参数的精确校准，然后在零和有限化学势下对(2+1)味QCD的热力学性质进行了全面研究，最后对QCD相图中的临界端点（CEP）位置给出了预测。我们的结果表明，在最大后验（MAP）估计下，CEP位于$(T, \mu)_{\mathrm{MAP}} = (0.119, 0.615)\mathrm{GeV}$。此外，我们给出了CEP在68%和95%置信水平（CL）下的预测区域，分别为$(T, \mu)_{68\\% \mathrm{CL}} = (0.1176\text{--}0.1204,0.59\text{--}0.63)\mathrm{GeV}$和$(T, \mu)_{95\\% \mathrm{CL}} = (0.1172\text{--}0.1206,0.58\text{--}0.63)\mathrm{GeV}$。与其他理论模型预测的全面比较验证了我们方法的稳健性和预测能力。这项工作不仅为全息建模建立了一个新颖的分析框架，也为极端条件下强相互作用物质的相变提供了宝贵的理论见解。

英文摘要

In this study, we construct a bayesian holographic QCD model by integrating the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) framework with lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) data at zero chemical potential, specifically entropy, the square of the speed of sound, and baryon number susceptibilities, while systematically incorporating error estimates from the lattice QCD (LQCD) results. Leveraging a bayesian inference framework, we first achieve a precise calibration of the model parameters, then perform a comprehensive investigation into the thermodynamic properties of \((2+1)\)-flavor QCD at both zero and finite chemical potentials, and finally provide a prediction for the location of the critical end point (CEP) in the QCD phase diagram. Our results indicate that, under the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, the CEP is located at $(T, μ)_{\mathrm{MAP}} = (0.119, 0.615)\mathrm{GeV}$. Furthermore, we provide the predicted regions for the CEP at $68\%$ and $95\%$ confidence levels (CL), yielding $(T, μ)_{68\% \mathrm{CL}} = (0.1176\text{--}0.1204,0.59\text{--}0.63)\mathrm{GeV}$ and $(T, μ)_{95\% \mathrm{CL}} = (0.1172\text{--}0.1206,0.58\text{--}0.63)\mathrm{GeV}$, respectively. A thorough comparison with predictions from other theoretical models validates the robustness and predictive power of our approach. This work not only establishes a novel analytical framework for holographic modeling but also provides valuable theoretical insights into the phase transitions of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions.

发表机构

• State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University（华南师范大学核物理与技术国家重点实验室量子物质研究所）
• Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science（广东省物质结构与基本相互作用卓越研究中心广东省核科学重点实验室）
• School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China（南华大学核科学与技术学院）
• INFN – Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Bari（意大利国家核物理研究院巴里分部）
• School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)（香港中文大学（深圳）理学院）
• School of Artificial Intelligence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)（香港中文大学（深圳）人工智能学院）
• Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University（华中师范大学夸克与轻子物理教育部重点实验室粒子物理研究所）
• School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学核科学与技术学院）

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