发表机构
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; University of Chicago; NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI); Tohoku University; The University of Tokyo（费米国家加速器实验室; 芝加哥大学; NSF-西蒙斯天空人工智能研究所; 东北大学; 东京大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究模拟光学亮和仅红外潮汐瓦解事件中激波环核物质产生的高能中微子，发现仅红外TDEs因辐射压缩可贡献约10%的弥散中微子通量，并预测未来中微子天文台可探测附近源。
AI 中文摘要
潮汐瓦解事件（TDEs）可以发射亚相对论性外流，驱动激波进入周围的环核物质（CNM），为宇宙射线（CR）加速和通过强子核（$pp$）相互作用产生高能中微子提供了天然场所。我们为光学亮和仅红外（IR）TDEs模拟了这种发射，后者受到最近识别出的一类具有微弱或缺失光学对应体的明亮红外暂现源的启发，这些源与嵌入尘埃、遮蔽核环境的TDEs一致。我们半解析地计算了激波动力学、CR加速和输运以及中微子产生，包括在稠密环境中的辐射冷却和压缩。虽然光学TDEs仍然是效率较低的$pp$中微子源，中微子产额相对较小，但仅红外TDEs中稠密环境的辐射压缩增强了靶密度，使$pp$效率接近量热仪区域，在速率不确定性的情况下，在$100$ TeV处可贡献高达约$10\\%$的观测弥散中微子通量。长持续的中微子发射和低的单源产额促使联合电磁信息堆叠搜索。我们预测了IceCube、IceCube-Gen2、KM3NeT和HUNT的这些搜索，并得出结论：未来约$30\\ {\rm km^3}$的中微子天文台可以在多年搜索窗口内对附近（$z \lesssim 0.4$）的仅红外TDEs达到$3\sigma$灵敏度。因此，不断增长的光学和红外TDE样本可以实现群体分辨搜索，以测试稠密、遮蔽的核环境是否是高效的高能中微子源。
英文摘要
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) can launch sub-relativistic outflows that drive shocks into the surrounding circumnuclear material (CNM), providing a natural site for cosmic ray (CR) acceleration and high-energy neutrino production through hadronuclear ($pp$) interactions. We model this emission for optically bright and infrared (IR)-only TDEs, the latter motivated by a recently identified population of luminous IR transients with weak or absent optical counterparts, consistent with TDEs embedded in dusty, obscured nuclear environments. We semi-analytically compute the shock dynamics, CR acceleration and transport, and neutrino production, including the radiative cooling and compression in dense environments. While optical TDEs remain inefficient $pp$ neutrino sources with comparatively small neutrino yields, radiative compression in dense IR-only TDEs enhances the target density and allows the pp efficiency to approach the calorimetric regime, yielding up to $\sim 10\%$ of the observed diffuse neutrino flux at $100$ TeV, given the rate uncertainties. The long-lasting neutrino emission and low individual source yield motivate joint electromagnetically informed stacking searches. We forecast such searches for IceCube, IceCube-Gen2, KM3NeT, and HUNT, and conclude that a future $\sim 30\ {\rm km^3}$ neutrino observatory can reach $3σ$ sensitivity for nearby ($z \lesssim 0.4$) IR-only TDEs with multi-year search windows. Growing optical and IR TDE samples can therefore enable population-resolved searches that can test whether dense, obscured nuclear environments are efficient high-energy neutrino sources.
Comments23 pages, 11 figures
