发表机构
University of Ferrara; INFN, Sezione di Ferrara; Politecnico di Torino; INFN Sezione di Torino（费拉拉大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所费拉拉分部; 都灵理工大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所都灵分部）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究探讨奇异夸克物质绝对稳定时，中子星与奇异夸克星共存的双族场景，通过分析原中子星中临界奇异夸克液滴的热成核条件，证明典型1.4太阳质量中子星存活需强子-夸克表面张力不低于67 MeVfm⁻²。
AI 中文摘要
如果奇异夸克物质（SQM）是绝对稳定的，则强子中子星（NSs）和奇异夸克星（QSs）可能在所谓的“双族”场景中并存。一个关键问题在于解释强子中子星如何能够作为长寿命的亚稳态天体存活，而不是迅速转化为稳定的奇异夸克星。由于所有中子星都诞生为炽热的原中子星（PNSs），它们存在的一个必要条件是，由第一个临界奇异夸克液滴成核所触发的转化条件并非在每个原中子星中都能达到。我们研究了在代表性原中子星条件下临界奇异夸克液滴的热成核，考虑了味道组成涨落以及通过抑制小于双夸克相干长度的液滴中的配对而导致的色超导有限尺寸效应。我们将成核条件定义为系统特征动力学时间尺度内临界奇异夸克液滴统计上预期成核的热力学状态。在这些条件下，约化成核势垒几乎是普适的，$W_*/T\simeq167$，误差在几个单位以内。通过探索奇异夸克物质参数空间，我们表明要求一个典型的$1.4~\rm{M}_{\odot}$中子星存活过原中子星阶段，为强子-夸克表面张力设定了下界$\sigma\gtrsim 67$ MeVfm$^{-2}$。
英文摘要
If strange quark matter (SQM) is absolutely stable, hadronic neutron stars (NSs) and strange quark stars (QSs) may coexist in the so-called two-families scenario. A key issue is explaining how hadronic NSs can survive as long-lived metastable objects, rather than promptly converting into stable QSs. Since all NSs are born as hot proto-neutron stars (PNSs), a necessary condition for their existence is that the conditions for conversion, triggered by the nucleation of the first critical SQM droplet, are not reached in every PNS. We investigate the thermal nucleation of critical SQM droplets under representative PNS conditions, accounting for flavor-composition fluctuations and finite-size effects on color superconductivity by suppressing pairing in droplets smaller than the diquark coherence length. We define the nucleation conditions as the thermodynamic state at which a critical SQM droplet is expected to nucleate statistically within the characteristic dynamical timescale of the system. Under these conditions, the reduced nucleation barrier is nearly universal, with $W_*/T\simeq167$ to within a few units. Exploring the SQM parameter space, we show that requiring a canonical $1.4~\rm{M}_{\odot}$ NS to survive the PNS stage sets a lower bound on the hadron-quark surface tension $σ\gtrsim 67$ MeVfm$^{-2}$.
Comments27 pages, 7 figures
