发表机构
Drexel University; University of Wisconsin-Madison（德雷塞尔大学; 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究基于大规模教师与出版物数据，发现外籍培养教师虽占少数，却在高影响力成果中占比更高，其优势源于组织嵌入性和更广的协作网络，而非主题广度。
AI 中文摘要
国际流动科学家是国家研究与创新体系的核心。我们将学术分析研究中心（Academic Analytics Research Center）的教师名册与2011-2020年OpenAlex的出版物记录进行关联，获得了美国300多所主要大学中236,394名终身教职体系教师的超过1200万条教师-出版物观测数据。外籍培养教师（定义为在美国境外获得最终学位）约占所观测教师队伍的11%，但贡献了13-14%的出版物和14-16%的顶尖1%被引精英成果。我们发现，这种在精英成果中的高代表性与其组织嵌入性密切相关：当在同一机构、科学领域、职称和年份内比较教师时，精英成果的差异大幅缩小，而总体生产力和协作差异在这些情境中仍然存在。此外，外籍培养教师在每个出版年度开始时拥有更大、更广泛的先前协作网络，且协作网络覆盖范围与后续精英成果的关联更强。相比之下，尽管外籍培养教师的原始主题广度更大，但在考虑先前发表量后，我们发现其主题广度略窄且认知上更为集中。这些发现将国际培训置于科学能力和组织整合的视角下重新审视，即国际积累的科学能力嵌入于组织和研究得以组织和生产的关系之中。
英文摘要
Internationally mobile scientists are central to national research and innovation systems. We link faculty rosters from the Academic Analytics Research Center to OpenAlex publication records for 2011-2020, yielding more than 12 million faculty-publication observations for 236,394 tenure-system faculty at more than 300 major U.S. universities. Foreign-trained faculty, defined by a terminal degree awarded outside the United States, constitute about 11% of the observed faculty workforce but account for 13-14% of publications and 14-16% of top-1% cited elite output. We find that this elevated representation in elite output is closely related to their organizational embeddedness: when faculty are compared within the same institution, scientific domain, rank, and year, the difference in elite output narrow substantially while overall productivity and collaboration differences persist within those settings. In addition, foreign-trained faculty enter each publication year with larger and broader prior collaboration networks, and collaborator reach is more strongly associated with subsequent elite output. By contrast, although raw topic breadth is greater among foreign-trained faculty, after accounting for prior publication volume, we find that their topic breadth is slightly narrower and more cognitively concentrated. These findings recast international training in the lens of scientific capacity and organizational integration in that internationally accumulated scientific capabilities become embedded in institutions and relationships through which research is organized and produced.
