发表机构
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”（墨西哥国立自治大学核科学研究所; 费森可夫天体物理研究所; 阿尔法拉比哈萨克国立大学; 罗马第一大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过数值光线追踪和半解析方法，揭示了量子奥本海默-斯奈德模型中裸奇点与黑洞的光学特征及热力学性质，并建立了光子环观测与热力学稳定性间的联系。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了量子奥本海默-斯奈德（qOS）时空在黑洞和裸奇点两种情形下的光学与热力学性质。通过分析测试粒子运动并采用薄吸积盘模型的数值光线追踪，我们识别了其特有的光学特征。我们发现，增大量子修正参数会减小视阴影的尺寸。qOS黑洞呈现暗的内部阴影，而裸奇点则因无限排斥核心势垒而产生中心亮环，但仍保留了诸如光子环等关键光学特征。此外，利用半解析方法，我们获得了高阶光子环的撞击参数和间隙参数，这些参数与我们的数值结果高度吻合。值得注意的是，qOS裸奇点的间隙参数区间偏离了史瓦西情形，为观测检验提供了具体判据。最后，在黑洞扇区，应用几何热力学（GTD）识别出戴维斯点处的比热发散。通过将光子环可观测量与GTD曲率标量相联系，我们揭示了qOS黑洞阴影、热力学稳定性与微观相互作用结构之间的直接联系。
英文摘要
We investigate the optical and thermodynamic properties of quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder (qOS) spacetimes in both the black hole and naked singularity regimes. By analyzing test-particle motion and employing numerical ray tracing of thin accretion disk models, we identify their characteristic optical signatures. We find that increasing the quantum correction parameter reduces the apparent shadow size. While qOS black holes exhibit dark inner shadows, naked singularities produce central bright rings, driven by an infinite repulsive core barrier, yet still retain key optical features such as photon rings. Furthermore, using a semi-analytical approach, we obtain higher-order photon-ring impact and gap parameters that closely align with our numerical findings. Notably, the gap parameter intervals for qOS naked singularities deviate from the Schwarzschild case, providing a concrete criterion for observational tests. Finally, in the black-hole sector, the application of Geometrothermodynamics (GTD) identifies the specific-heat divergence at the Davies point. By linking photon-ring observables to GTD curvature scalars, we reveal a direct connection between qOS black hole shadows, thermodynamic stability, and microscopic interaction structures.
Comments31 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
