发表机构
University of Gdańsk; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inria（格但斯克大学; 格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学，法国国家信息与自动化研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过因果建模证明，允许超光速参考系的理论若要避免超光速信号传递，必须严格限制可及时空区域或依赖参考系选择，且客观不确定性提议并非必要，揭示了此类扩展的因果权衡。
AI 中文摘要
Dragan和Ekert最近提出了包含超光速参考系的相对论扩展，旨在调和相对论对称性与量子不确定性。在本工作中，我们发展了一个因果建模框架来正式研究这一提议，并证明了一个不可行性定理，表明一个允许超光速参考系的理论只有在严重限制操作协议可及时空区域、参考系选择具有可观测后果、或自由变量不存在或其存在依赖于参考系的情况下，才能避免超光速信号传递。关键在于，我们的结果超越了超光速变换可能导致超光速信号传递的常见直觉；我们的不可行性结果表明，Dragan和Ekert引入客观不确定性的提议本身并不能消除这一冲突。事实上，由于在存在超光速参考系时，超光速信号传递可能通过放宽其他基本假设来避免，所提议的客观不确定性可能根本不需要。我们的结果阐明了基于不确定性的解决方案的局限性以及超光速相对论扩展所面临的因果权衡。
英文摘要
Extensions of relativity that include superluminal reference frames have recently been proposed by Dragan and Ekert as a way to reconcile relativistic symmetry with quantum uncertainty. In this work, we develop a causal modelling framework to formally study this proposal and prove a no-go theorem demonstrating that a theory permitting superluminal reference frames can avoid superluminal signalling only if it severely constrains which spacetime regions are accessible to operational protocols, if the choice of reference frame has observable consequences or if free variables do not exist or their existence depends on the reference frame. Crucially, our result goes beyond the familiar intuition that superluminal transformations may lead to superluminal signalling; our no-go result shows that Dragan and Ekert's proposal of introducing objective uncertainty does not, by itself, eliminate this conflict. In fact, because superluminal signalling might instead be avoided by relaxing other fundamental assumptions in the presence of superluminal reference frames, the proposed objective uncertainty may not be necessary at all. Our results clarify the limitations of uncertainty-based resolutions and the causal trade-offs faced by superluminal extensions of relativity.
Comments21 pages, 10 figures
