发表机构
UMD; GSFC; MIT; Eureka; Stanford; Penn State; UMBC; McGill, Canada; OSU; Nottingham, UK; Manitoba, Canada; Vanderbilt（马里兰大学; 戈达德太空飞行中心; 麻省理工学院; 尤里卡学院; 斯坦福大学; 宾夕法尼亚州立大学; 马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校; 麦吉尔大学; 俄亥俄州立大学; 诺丁汉大学; 曼尼托巴大学; 范德堡大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出2030年代钱德拉后续任务，以10倍以上灵敏度和50倍以上巡天速度，解决黑洞形成、反馈、系外行星及并合四大科学问题，并基于AXIS概念提出三个任务方案。
AI 中文摘要
钱德拉天文台确立了约1角秒角分辨率的软X射线光谱成像几乎在天体物理所有领域中的关键工具地位，从早期宇宙到原行星盘中的冰化学。尽管钱德拉持续产出突破性科学成果，但其灵敏度不足以成为JWST、Roman、Rubin、LISA、ngVLA、ALMA、IceCube、NewAthena、ELT及其他即将建成的大型设施的对应观测设备。本文着重展示灵敏度提高10倍以上、巡天速度提高50倍以上的钱德拉后续任务的科学潜力。此类任务的科学覆盖范围非常广泛，我们重点展示四个需要这些能力的高优先级科学问题——超大质量黑洞如何形成？恒星和活动星系核反馈如何在星系中起作用？高能恒星活动如何影响系外行星大气？黑洞如何并合？2030年代的钱德拉后续任务还将为未来旗舰任务验证X射线镜面技术，并在该旗舰任务发射前维持美国高能天体物理人才队伍。我们通过基于NASA探针级概念研究报告为先进X射线成像卫星（AXIS）勾勒的三个任务方案——AXIS-Deep、AXIS-Classic和AXIS-Fast——来概述科学仪器权衡空间，突出每个方案各自的突破性科学案例，并列出其他驱动设计的案例。
英文摘要
Chandra established that soft X-ray spectral imaging with approximately 1 arcsec angular resolution is an essential tool for almost every area of astrophysics, from the early Universe to ice chemistry in protoplanetary disks. While Chandra continues to deliver groundbreaking science, it lacks the sensitivity to be the counterpart to JWST, Roman, Rubin, LISA, ngVLA, ALMA, IceCube, NewAthena, ELT, and other upcoming large facilities. Here we highlight the scientific potential of a Chandra successor with >10x higher sensitivity and >50x survey speed. While the scientific reach of such a mission is very broad, we showcase four high-priority science questions that require these capabilities -- How did supermassive black holes form?, How does stellar and AGN feedback work in galaxies?, How does high-energy stellar activity affect exoplanet atmospheres? and, How do black holes merge? A Chandra successor in the 2030s would also demonstrate the X-ray mirror technology for a future flagship and sustain the US high energy astrophysics workforce until that flagship launches. We outline the science-instrument trade space by sketching three missions based on the NASA Probe concept study report for the Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS): AXIS-Deep, AXIS-Classic, and AXIS-Fast, highlighting a breakthrough science case for each and listing others that drive the design.
Comments7 pages, submitted as a White Paper to NASA's ASTRA Initiative
