发表机构
Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University; Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University（东北大学前沿学际研究院; 东北大学工学研究科应用物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本教程通过非线性集体自旋动力学框架，面向材料视角解释固态平台中量子增强传感的机制，并探讨相互作用、无序及退相干对传感性能的影响。
AI 中文摘要
固态材料中的集体自旋系统是量子增强传感的有前景的平台。在诸如金刚石中的氮-空位中心、硅中的施主自旋以及磁性材料等系统中，许多自旋之间的相互作用可以产生集体量子关联，从而将测量精度提升到标准量子极限之上。本教程通过非线性集体自旋动力学，发展了一个直观的、面向材料的框架来理解这些效应。我们展示了非线性相互作用如何在相空间中重塑集体自旋态，重新分配量子涨落，并生成具有计量学价值的态，如自旋压缩态和纠缠态。然后，我们将这些理想的集体动力学与微观相互作用和现实的固态系统联系起来，讨论相互作用强度、无序、退相干和实验控制如何影响传感性能。我们比较了不同的平台和实验，以突出关键的材料性质、优势和局限性。本教程侧重于对非线性集体自旋传感的面向材料的理解，而非对实验平台的全面比较或传感实验的实用指南。
英文摘要
Collective spin systems in solid-state materials are promising platforms for quantum-enhanced sensing. In systems such as nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, donor spins in silicon, and magnetic materials, interactions among many spins can generate collective quantum correlations that improve measurement precision beyond the standard quantum limit. This tutorial develops an intuitive, materials-oriented framework for understanding these effects through nonlinear collective-spin dynamics. We show how nonlinear interactions reshape collective spin states in phase space, redistribute quantum fluctuations, and generate metrologically useful states such as spin-squeezed and entangled states. We then connect these ideal collective dynamics to microscopic interactions and realistic solid-state systems, discussing how interaction strength, disorder, decoherence, and experimental control affect sensing performance. Different platforms and experiments are compared to highlight key material properties, advantages, and limitations. The tutorial focuses on a materials-oriented understanding of nonlinear collective-spin sensing, rather than a comprehensive comparison of experimental platforms or a practical guide to sensing experiments.
Comments10 pages, 7 figures
Journal refMaterials for Quantum Technology (2026)
